Biochar can be used as an alternative component in growing media, positively affecting plant growth/yield, but also media properties. In the present study, two commercial grade biochars (BFW-forest wood; and BTS-fresh wood screening), mainly wood-based materials, were used at 7.5% and 15% (v/v), adding nutrient in two levels (100% and 150% standard fertilizer level-Fert). Biochar affected growing media properties, with increases on pH and changes on the nutrient content levels. Biochar BFW enhanced the emergence of seeds in comparison to the control. Increased fertilizer levels benefited plant yield in BFW and BTS at 7.5%, but not at 15%. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced at 150% fertilized biochars (BFW + Fert and BTS + Fert) at 7.5%, while total chlorophylls increased at BTS + Fert at 7.5% and 15%. The addition of biochars decreased the antioxidant activity in the plant. Lipid peroxidation in lettuce was increased in most cases with the presence of biochars (BFW, BTS) and 150% fertilization, activating antioxidant (superoxide oxidase and peroxidase) enzymatic metabolisms. The addition of Biochars in the growing media increased the content of nutrients in seedlings, as plants could absorb more available nutrients. Biochar of beech, spruce, and pine species (BFW) at 7.5% was more promising for substituting peat to produce lettuce seedlings. However, examining different species (tomato, leek, impatiens, and geranium) with BFW at 7.5%, the results were not common, and each species needs to be evaluated further.

中文翻译：

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生长介质中生物炭的类型，比例和营养水平影响苗木产量和植物生长

生物炭可以用作生长培养基中的替代成分，对植物的生长/产量产生积极影响，但也可以影响培养基特性。在本研究中，使用了两种主要是木质材料的商业级生物炭（BFW-森林木材； BTS-新鲜木材筛分），含量分别为7.5％和15％（v / v），添加两种水平的养分（100％和150％标准肥料水平-费特）。生物炭影响生长培养基的特性，pH值升高，营养成分含量也发生变化。与对照相比，Biochar BFW增强了种子的出苗。施肥水平的提高使BFW和BTS的植物产量提高了7.5％，但没有提高15％。施肥的生物炭（BFW + Fert和BTS + Fert）在7.5％时叶片气孔导度降低，而BTS + Fert的总叶绿素在7.5％和15％时增加。生物炭的添加降低了植物的抗氧化活性。在大多数情况下，由于存在生物炭（BFW，BTS）和150％的受精，生菜中的脂质过氧化作用增加，从而激活抗氧化剂（超氧化物氧化酶和过氧化物酶）的酶促代谢。由于植物可以吸收更多的可用养分，因此在生长介质中添加生物炭可以增加幼苗中养分的含量。7.5％的山毛榉，云杉和松树生物（BFW）生物炭更有望替代泥炭来生产生菜幼苗。但是，用BFW为7.5％检验不同的物种（番茄，韭菜，凤仙花和天竺葵）时，结果并不常见，每种物种都需要进一步评估。