Human-bear conflicts triggered by nuisance behaviour in public places and damage to livestock, crops, beehives and trees are among the main threats to bear populations globally. The effectiveness of interventions used to minimize bear-caused damage is insufficiently known and comparative reviews are lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of 77 cases from 48 publications and used the relative risk of damage to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions, invasive management (translocations) and lethal control (shooting) against bears. We show that the most effective interventions are electric fences (95% confidence interval = 79.2–100% reduction in damage), calving control (100%) and livestock replacement (99.8%), but the latter two approaches were applied in only one case each and need more testing. Deterrents varied widely in their effectiveness (13.7–79.5%) and we recommend applying these during the peak periods of damage infliction. We found shooting (− 34.2 to 100%) to have a short-term positive effect with its effectiveness decreasing significantly and linearly over time. We did not find relationships between bear density and intervention effectiveness, possibly due to differences in spatial scales at which they were measured (large scales for densities and local fine scales for effectiveness). We appeal for more effectiveness studies and their scientific publishing in regard to under-represented conflict species and regions.

由公共场所的滋扰行为以及对牲畜、农作物、蜂箱和树木的破坏引发的人熊冲突是全球熊种群面临的主要威胁之一。用于尽量减少熊造成的损害的干预措施的有效性尚不清楚，并且缺乏比较审查。我们对来自 48 篇出版物的 77 个案例进行了荟萃分析，并使用损伤的相对风险来比较非侵入性干预、侵入性管理（易位）和致命控制（射击）对熊的有效性。我们表明，最有效的干预措施是电围栏（95% 置信区间 = 79.2-100% 的损害减少）、产犊控制（100%）和牲畜更换（99.8%），但后两种方法仅应用于一种情况每一个都需要更多的测试。威慑的有效性差异很大（13.7-79.5%），我们建议在造成伤害的高峰期应用这些。我们发现射击（− 34.2 到 100%）具有短期的积极影响，其有效性随时间显着线性下降。我们没有发现熊密度和干预有效性之间的关系，可能是由于测量它们的空间尺度不同（密度的大尺度和有效性的局部精细尺度）。我们呼吁针对代表性不足的冲突物种和地区进行更多有效性研究及其科学出版。2% 到 100%）具有短期积极影响，其有效性随时间显着线性下降。我们没有发现熊密度和干预有效性之间的关系，可能是由于测量它们的空间尺度不同（密度的大尺度和有效性的局部精细尺度）。我们呼吁针对代表性不足的冲突物种和地区进行更多有效性研究及其科学出版。2% 到 100%）具有短期积极影响，其有效性随时间显着线性下降。我们没有发现熊密度和干预有效性之间的关系，可能是由于测量它们的空间尺度不同（密度的大尺度和有效性的局部精细尺度）。我们呼吁针对代表性不足的冲突物种和地区进行更多有效性研究及其科学出版。