This study deals with an experimental investigation to assess the characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine utilizing diesel, Mahua biodiesel, and their blends with synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nano additives. The physicochemical properties of diesel, diesel + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (D10030), 20% Mahua biodiesel (MOME20), and Mahua biodiesel (20%) + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (MOME2030) were measured in accordance to the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. The effects of modification of fuel injectors (FI) holes (7-hole FI) and toroidal reentrant combustion chamber (TRCC) piston bowl design on the performance of CRDI using different fuel blends were assessed. For injection timings (IT) and injection opening pressure (IOP) average increase in brake thermal efficiency for fuel blend D10030 and MOME2030 was 9.65% and 16.4%, and 8.83% and 5.06%, respectively. Also, for IT and IOP, the average reductions in brake specific fuel consumption, smoke, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions for D10030 and MOME2030 were 10.9% and 7.7%, 18.2% and 8.6%, 12.6% and 11.5%, 8.74% and 13.1%, and 5.75% and 7.79%, respectively and 15.5% and 5.06%, 20.33% and 6.20%, 11.12% and 24.8%, 18.32% and 6.29%, and 1.79% and 6.89%, respectively for 7-hole fuel injector and TRCC. The cylinder pressure and heat release rate for D10030 and MOME2030 were enhanced by 6.8% and 17.1%, and 7.35% and 12.28%. The 7-hole fuel injector with the nano fuel blends at an injection timing and pressure of 10° btdc and 900 bar demonstrated the overall improvement of the engine characteristics due to the better air quality for fuel mixing. Similarly, the TRCC cylinder bowl geometry illustrated advanced ignition due to an improved swirl and turbulence. Also, the engine test results demonstrated that 30 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles in Mahua biodiesel (MOME2030) and diesel (D10030) with diethyl ether resulted overall enhancement of CRDI engine characteristics.

本研究涉及一项实验研究，以评估使用柴油、麻化生物柴油及其与合成氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米添加剂的混合物的改进型共轨直喷 (CRDI) 发动机的特性。柴油、柴油 + 30 ppm ZnO 纳米粒子 (D10030)、20% 麻化生物柴油 (MOME20) 和麻化生物柴油 (20%) + 30 ppm ZnO 纳米粒子 (MOME2030) 的理化性质根据美国测试和材料标准。评估了喷油器 (FI) 孔 (7 孔 FI) 和环形凹入燃烧室 (TRCC) 活塞碗设计对使用不同燃料混合物的 CRDI 性能的影响。对于喷射正时 (IT) 和喷射开启压力 (IOP)，混合燃料 D10030 和 MOME2030 的制动热效率平均增加分别为 9.65% 和 16.4%，以及 8.83% 和 5.06%。此外，对于 IT 和 IOP，D10030 和 MOME2030 的制动比燃料消耗、烟雾、一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物排放的平均减少分别为 10.9% 和 7.7%、18.2% 和 8.6%、12.6% 和 11.5%、8.74 %和13.1%、5.75%和7.79%分别和15.5%和5.06%、20.33%和6.20%、11.12%和24.8%、18.32%和6.29%、1.79%和6.79%喷油器和 TRCC。D10030和MOME2030的气缸压力和放热率分别提高了6.8%和17.1%，以及7.35%和12.28%。在 10° btdc 和 900 bar 的喷射正时和压力下，具有纳米混合燃料的 7 孔燃料喷射器证明了发动机特性的整体改进，因为燃料混合的空气质量更好。同样，由于涡流和湍流的改善，TRCC 汽缸碗几何结构显示了提前点火。此外，发动机测试结果表明，马化生物柴油 (MOME2030) 和柴油 (D10030) 中含有 30 ppm 的 ZnO 纳米颗粒与乙醚导致 CRDI 发动机特性的整体增强。