Agricultural management techniques such as mulching with crop straw can impact soil properties and may in turn change the structure and function of the soil food web. We investigated different straw mulching types and straw mulching coverage levels on soil nematodes community structure in walnut orchards. We set up a randomized experimental design with three straw mulch types, and three straw mulch distance treatments in a walnut plantation. The results indicated that the number of soil nematodes after straw mulching was lower than that found in the control (CK). However, the metabolic and structure footprints of the omnivore-predator nematodes showed higher values as compared to CK. The abundances of plant parasite and omnivore-predator nematodes were negatively correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH⁴⁺–N) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), whereas soil moisture content (SM) had a negative correlation with the abundance of total nematodes. High structure index (SI), maturity index (MI) and low enrichment index (EI) values revealed a structured soil food web, medium soil enrichment, and fungal decomposition channel under the mix straw mulching treatments. Soil nematodes should be used as an indicator of soil functional changes resulting from straw mulching.

农业管理技术（例如用农作物秸秆覆盖）会影响土壤特性，进而可能改变土壤食物网的结构和功能。我们研究了不同秸秆覆盖类型和秸秆覆盖水平对核桃园土壤线虫群落结构的影响。我们在核桃种植园建立了一个随机实验设计，包括三种秸秆覆盖类型和三种秸秆覆盖距离处理。结果表明，秸秆覆盖后土壤线虫数量低于对照（CK）。然而，与 CK 相比，杂食性捕食者线虫的代谢和结构足迹显示出更高的值。植物寄生虫和杂食性捕食线虫的丰度与铵态氮（NH ⁴⁺-N) 和溶解有机氮 (DON)，而土壤水分含量 (SM) 与总线虫的丰度呈负相关。高结构指数 (SI)、成熟指数 (MI) 和低富集指数 (EI) 值揭示了混合秸秆覆盖处理下结构化的土壤食物网、中等土壤富集和真菌分解通道。应将土壤线虫用作秸秆覆盖引起的土壤功能变化的指标。