Abstract We have synthesized two acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type quinoxaline-based small molecules for organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). To construct the A-D-A architecture, the electron-accepting quinoxaline derivative (Qx) was attached on both ends of the electron-donating benzodithiophene (BDT) unit via the Stille coupling reaction. After the confirmation of the structural features, the optical and electrochemical characteristics and the photovoltaic properties of the two small molecules were investigated. A typical inverted-type device with the configuration of ITO/ZnO/small molecules: PC71BM/MoO3/Ag was fabricated and examined. It has been observed that the performances of OPVs were improved by the incorporation of the additional thiophene linkage between the BDT and Qx moieties. Therefore, this study can provide insights into the design and structure–property correlation of quinoxaline-based organic small molecules for OPVs

中文翻译：

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用于有机光伏电池的ADA型喹喔啉基小分子的合成

摘要 我们合成了两种用于有机光伏电池 (OPV) 的受体-供体-受体 (ADA) 型喹喔啉基小分子。为了构建 ADA 架构，通过 Stille 偶联反应将受电子喹喔啉衍生物 (Qx) 连接在给电子苯并二噻吩 (BDT) 单元的两端。在确认结构特征后，研究了两种小分子的光学和电化学特性以及光伏特性。制造并检查了具有 ITO/ZnO/小分子结构的典型倒置型器件：PC71BM/MoO3/Ag。已经观察到，通过在 BDT 和 Qx 部分之间加入额外的噻吩键，OPV 的性能得到改善。所以，