Abstract

For years, cannabis has been largely used for its mind-altering properties. However, the discovery of its medicinal and therapeutic attributes has led to increased medicinal use. With recent legalization of cannabis in Canada, there is an evolving proliferation of the commercial availability of cannabis-containing products, and changes to patterns of use amongst adults are anticipated. Research into the potential harmful effects from increased use due to legalization have begun in humans; however, to our knowledge, investigations into the environmental occurrence and outcomes in fish and wildlife have been largely overlooked. Increasingly potent cannabis strains are also entering both commercial and medicinal sectors thus adding to the potential risk that this product poses to the environment. Indeed, emerging evidence reveals that current wastewater treatment has limited ability to remove bioactive components of cannabis thus allowing their entry into aquatic ecosystems Furthermore, there is very little known regarding the effects, mechanisms and impacts of cannabis exposure in exposed biota, and is currently limited to a few lab-based and field-based studies in a handful of fish species (e.g. zebrafish). This review will discuss the therapeutic uses of cannabis and its constituents, as well as examine its environmental fate and potential to affect aquatic ecosystems in Canada.

摘要

多年来，大麻主要用于改变思维的特性。然而，其药用和治疗特性的发现导致了药用的增加。随着最近大麻在加拿大合法化，含大麻产品的商业供应不断增加，预计成年人的使用模式会发生变化。已经开始研究因合法化而增加使用量对人类的潜在有害影响；然而，据我们所知，对鱼类和野生动物的环境发生和结果的调查在很大程度上被忽视了。越来越有效的大麻菌株也正在进入商业和医药部门，从而增加了该产品对环境构成的潜在风险。的确，新出现的证据表明，目前的废水处理去除大麻生物活性成分的能力有限，从而使其进入水生生态系统。此外，对暴露生物群中大麻暴露的影响、机制和影响知之甚少，目前仅限于少数鱼类（如斑马鱼）的实验室和实地研究很少。本综述将讨论大麻及其成分的治疗用途，并检查其环境归宿和影响加拿大水生生态系统的潜力。并且目前仅限于对少数鱼类（例如斑马鱼）进行的一些基于实验室和实地的研究。本综述将讨论大麻及其成分的治疗用途，并检查其环境归宿和影响加拿大水生生态系统的潜力。并且目前仅限于对少数鱼类（例如斑马鱼）进行的一些基于实验室和实地的研究。本综述将讨论大麻及其成分的治疗用途，并检查其环境归宿和影响加拿大水生生态系统的潜力。