The human-adapted strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprise seven phylogenetic lineages originally associated with their geographical distribution. Here, we report the genomes of three drug-resistant clinical isolates of the Latin American-Mediterranean (LAM) family collected in Kazakhstan. We utilised whole-genome sequencing to study the distribution and drug resistance of these isolates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the genomes described in this study with the sequences from Russia, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan belonging to the LAM family. One isolate has acquired extensive drug resistance to seven antituberculosis drugs. Our results suggest at least two multi-drug resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-associated genotypes of the LAM family circulate in Kazakhstan.

中文翻译：

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哈萨克斯坦结核分枝杆菌临床菌株的拉丁美洲-地中海家族基因组分析。

结核分枝杆菌复合物（MTBC）的人类适应菌株包含最初与它们的地理分布有关的七个系统发育谱系。在这里，我们报告了在哈萨克斯坦收集的拉丁美洲-地中海（LAM）家族的三种耐药临床分离株的基因组。我们利用全基因组测序来研究这些分离株的分布和耐药性。系统发育分析将本研究中描述的基因组与来自LAM家族的俄罗斯，乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的序列分组。一种分离物对七种抗结核药物具有广泛的耐药性。我们的结果表明，在哈萨克斯坦流行了至少两种LAM家族与多药耐药（MDR）/广泛耐药（XDR）相关的基因型。