Millimeter wave (mmWave)‐based massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) beamforming technology is one of the key technologies in the fifth‐generation (5G) network. In this paper, we apply mmWave to high‐speed railway (HSR) communication scenario to meet its increasingly growing demands for tremendous data rate and reliable mobile services. The HSR mmWave communication system uses a control/user (C/U) plane separation structure; that is, control information and user information are transmitted through the high‐frequency micro base station (BS) and the low‐frequency macro BS, respectively. Then, an optimized beam width and power allocation scheme is proposed, which is combined with the mobile relay (MR) technology to utilize the architecture of the large‐scale antenna beamforming. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a power factor related to the change of train speed. According to the power factor, the service beam width is adjusted dynamically and the transmit power of the beams from two simultaneously served mmWave access points (APs) is jointly calculated. Simulation results show that, compared with the traditional uniform beam width scheme, the proposed adaptive beam width and power allocation scheme can maximize the total service volume within the maximum transmit power range.

中文翻译：

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高速铁路毫米波通信的自适应波束成形和功率分配

基于毫米波（mmWave）的大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）波束成形技术是第五代（5G）网络中的关键技术之一。在本文中，我们将mmWave应用于高速铁路（HSR）通信方案，以满足其对巨大数据速率和可靠移动服务的日益增长的需求。HSR mmWave通信系统使用控制/用户（C / U）平面分离结构。即，控制信息和用户信息分别通过高频微基站（BS）和低频宏BS发送。然后，提出了一种优化的波束宽度和功率分配方案，该方案与移动中继（MR）技术相结合，以利用大规模天线波束成形的架构。在拟议的方案中，我们介绍与火车速度变化有关的功率因数。根据功率因数，动态调整服务波束宽度，并共同计算来自两个同时服务的毫米波接入点（AP）的波束的发射功率。仿真结果表明，与传统的均匀波束宽度方案相比，所提出的自适应波束宽度和功率分配方案可以在最大发射功率范围内最大化总服务量。