PAINT (points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography) refers to methods that achieve the sparse temporal labeling required for super‐resolution imaging by using transient interactions between a biomolecule of interest and a fluorophore. There have been a variety of different implementations of this method since it was first described in 2006. Recent papers illustrate how transient peptide–protein interactions, rather than small molecule binding or DNA oligonucleotide duplex formation, can be employed to perform PAINT‐based single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We discuss the different approaches to PAINT using peptide and protein interactions, and their applications in vitro and in vivo. We highlight the important parameters to consider when selecting suitable peptide–protein interaction pairs for such studies. We also note the opportunities for protein scientists to apply their expertise in guiding the choice of peptide and protein pairs that are used. Finally, we discuss the potential for expanding super‐resolution imaging methods based on transient peptide–protein interactions, including the development of simultaneous multicolor imaging of multiple proteins and the study of very high and very low abundance proteins in live cells.

中文翻译：

---

使用蛋白质绘画：超分辨率艺术家的新画笔。

PAINT（纳米级地形成像的点积累）是指通过利用感兴趣的生物分子和荧光团之间的瞬时相互作用来实现超分辨率成像所需的稀疏时间标记的方法。自 2006 年首次描述以来，该方法已有多种不同的实施方式。最近的论文说明了如何使用瞬时肽-蛋白质相互作用（而不是小分子结合或 DNA 寡核苷酸双链体形成）来执行基于 PAINT 的单分子定位显微镜（SMLM）。我们讨论使用肽和蛋白质相互作用进行 PAINT 的不同方法，及其在体外和体内的应用。我们强调了在为此类研究选择合适的肽-蛋白质相互作用对时要考虑的重要参数。我们还注意到蛋白质科学家有机会运用他们的专业知识来指导所使用的肽和蛋白质对的选择。最后，我们讨论了基于瞬时肽-蛋白质相互作用扩展超分辨率成像方法的潜力，包括开发多种蛋白质同时多色成像以及活细胞中极高和极低丰度蛋白质的研究。