The plasma membrane (PM) is possibly the most diverse biological membrane of the plant cell, it separates and guards the cell against its external environment. It has an extremely complex structure comprising a mosaic of lipids and proteins. The PM lipids are responsible for maintaining fluidity, permeability, and integrity of the membrane and also influence the functioning of membrane proteins. However, the PM is a primary target of environmental stress, which affects its conformation and properties, thereby disturbing the cellular homeostasis. Maintenance of integrity and fluidity of the PM is a prerequisite for ensuring the survival of plants during adverse environmental conditions. The ability of plants to remodel membrane lipid and protein composition plays a crucial role in the adaptation to varying abiotic environmental cues, including heat, cold, drought, salt, heavy metals stress. The dynamic changes in lipid composition affect the functioning of membrane transporters and ultimately regulate the physical properties of the membrane. Plant membrane transport systems play a significant role in stress adaptation by cooperating with the membrane lipidome to maintain the membrane integrity under stressful conditions. The present review provides a holistic view of stress responses and adaptation of plants by highlighting the changes in the lipidome of PM under individual and combined abiotic stresses, which cause alterations in the activity of membrane transporters and modifies the fluidity of the PM. The tools to study the varying lipidome and proteome of the PM are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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植物中个体和组合非生物胁迫期间的膜动力学及其研究工具

质膜 (PM) 可能是植物细胞中最多样化的生物膜，它分离并保护细胞免受外部环境的影响。它具有极其复杂的结构，包括脂质和蛋白质的镶嵌。PM 脂质负责维持膜的流动性、渗透性和完整性，也影响膜蛋白的功能。然而，PM 是环境压力的主要目标，这会影响其构象和特性，从而扰乱细胞稳态。保持 PM 的完整性和流动性是确保植物在不利环境条件下存活的先决条件。植物重塑膜脂和蛋白质组成的能力在适应各种非生物环境因素（包括热、寒冷、干旱、盐分、重金属胁迫。脂质成分的动态变化影响膜转运蛋白的功能并最终调节膜的物理特性。植物膜转运系统通过与膜脂质组合作，在压力条件下保持膜的完整性，在压力适应中发挥重要作用。本综述通过强调在个体和组合非生物胁迫下 PM 脂质组的变化，提供了植物的胁迫反应和适应的整体观点，这会导致膜转运蛋白活性的改变并改变 PM 的流动性。还讨论了研究 PM 不同脂质组和蛋白质组的工具。本文受版权保护。版权所有。脂质成分的动态变化影响膜转运蛋白的功能并最终调节膜的物理特性。植物膜转运系统通过与膜脂质组合作，在压力条件下保持膜的完整性，在压力适应中发挥重要作用。本综述通过强调在个体和组合非生物胁迫下 PM 脂质组的变化，提供了植物的胁迫反应和适应的整体观点，这会导致膜转运蛋白活性的改变并改变 PM 的流动性。还讨论了研究 PM 不同脂质组和蛋白质组的工具。本文受版权保护。版权所有。脂质成分的动态变化影响膜转运蛋白的功能并最终调节膜的物理特性。植物膜转运系统通过与膜脂质组合作，在压力条件下保持膜的完整性，在压力适应中发挥重要作用。本综述通过强调在个体和组合非生物胁迫下 PM 脂质组的变化，提供了植物的胁迫反应和适应的整体观点，这会导致膜转运蛋白活性的改变并改变 PM 的流动性。还讨论了研究 PM 不同脂质组和蛋白质组的工具。本文受版权保护。版权所有。