Antarctic marine environments are at risk from petroleum fuel spills as shipping activities in the Southern Ocean increase. Knowledge of the sensitivity of Antarctic species to fuels under environmentally realistic exposure conditions is lacking. We determined the toxicity of 3 fuels, Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), marine gas oil (MGO), and intermediate fuel oil (IFO 180) to a common Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Sensitivity was estimated for early developmental stages from fertilization to the early 4‐arm pluteus in toxicity tests of up to 24 d duration. The effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of fuels were investigated under different exposure scenarios to determine the relative sensitivity of stages and of different exposure regimes. Sensitivity to fuel WAFs increased through development. Both MGO and IFO 180 were more toxic than SAB, with median effect concentration values for the most sensitive pluteus stage of 3.5, 6.5, and 252 µg/L total hydrocarbon content, respectively. Exposure to a single pulse during fertilization and early embryonic development showed toxicity patterns similar to those observed from continuous exposure. The results show that exposure to fuel WAFs during critical early life stages affects the subsequent viability of larvae, with consequent implications for reproductive success. The sensitivity estimates for S. neumayeri that we generated can be utilized in risk assessments for the management of Antarctic marine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2527–2539. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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石油燃料对南极海胆Sterechinus neumayeri的受精和发育的影响。

随着南大洋航运活动的增加，南极海洋环境受到石油燃料泄漏的威胁。缺乏对南极物种在环境现实的暴露条件下对燃料的敏感性的知识。我们确定了3种燃料，特殊南极混合柴油（SAB），船用瓦斯油（MGO）和中间燃料油（IFO 180）对常见南极海胆Sterechinus neumayeri的毒性。在长达24 d的毒性试验中，估计了从受精到4臂发育期早期发育阶段的敏感性。在不同的暴露场景下研究了燃料的水份（WAF）的影响，以确定阶段和不同暴露方式的相对敏感性。通过开发提高了对WAF加油的敏感性。MGO和IFO 180的毒性均比SAB高，最敏感的发育阶段的中值总浓度分别为3.5、6.5和252 µg / L。受精和早期胚胎发育期间暴露于单个脉冲下显示出的毒性模式与连续暴露下观察到的相似。结果表明，在生命的关键早期阶段接触燃料WAF会影响幼虫的后续生存能力，从而影响繁殖成功。的灵敏度估算我们产生的沙门氏菌可用于风险评估，以管理南极海洋生态系统。2020年《环境毒理学》； 39：2527–2539。©2020 SETAC