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Settlement‐era forest structure and composition in the Klamath Mountains: reconstructing a historical baseline
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3250
Clarke A. Knight 1 , Charles V. Cogbill 2 , Matthew D. Potts 1 , James A. Wanket 3 , John J. Battles 1
Affiliation  

Historical baselines of forest conditions provide reference states to assess how forests have changed through time. In California, the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) provides tree inventory data between 1872 and 1884 at 93.2‐km2 (36 mi2) resolution. Although these data provide a spatially extensive record of settlement‐era forest conditions, reconstructions using PLSS data have been limited and controversial in western landscapes. Recent improvements in the application of plotless density estimators (PDE) have made reconstructions more accurate and robust. The purpose of this study was to use PDE to reconstruct the settlement‐era forest conditions in Six Rivers National Forest—a floristically diverse temperate forest in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California—to quantify differences with modern conditions. Records of fires and harvests were used in conjunction with the PLSS data to understand the influence of forest management during the previous century. The contemporary forest in Six Rivers contains three times more trees than in the settlement era with a comparable increase in tree basal area. Forest composition during the settlement era was predominantly Douglas‐fir (34.4%), pine (24.2%), and oak (21.9%) by basal area. Contemporary forests support more Douglas‐fir (45.2%) and a similar amount of pine (26.1%), while oaks have decreased by more than half (9.3%). These increases in tree abundance occurred despite extensive, mid‐century timber harvesting in Six Rivers. Although large fires have burned in Six Rivers between 2000 and 2019, far fewer fires occurred during the twentieth century. Our results suggest that effective fire suppression contributed to the densification of the contemporary forests in Six Rivers.

中文翻译:

克拉马斯山区定居时期的森林结构和组成:重建历史基线

森林状况的历史基线为评估森林随时间的变化提供了参考状态。在加利福尼亚州,公共土地测量系统(PLSS)在93.2-km 2(36 mi 2) 解析度。尽管这些数据在空间上记录了定居时期的森林状况,但使用PLSS数据进行的重建在西方景观中仍然是有限且有争议的。无图密度估计器(PDE)应用的最新改进使重建更加准确和可靠。这项研究的目的是使用PDE重建六河国家森林(加利福尼亚西北部克拉马斯山区植物区系温带森林)的定居时期森林条件,以量化与现代条件的差异。火灾和砍伐记录与PLSS数据结合使用,以了解上个世纪森林管理的影响。六河流域的当代森林树木比定居时期的树木多三倍,树木的基础面积也有类似的增长。按面积计算,定居时期的森林组成主要是花旗松(34.4%),松树(24.2%)和橡树(21.9%)。当代森林支持更多的花旗松(45.2%)和类似数量的松树(26.1%),而橡树则减少了一半以上(9.3%)。尽管六河中广泛采伐了本世纪中叶的木材,但树木丰度的增加还是发生了。尽管在2000年至2019年之间六河发生了大火,但在20世纪发生的大火少得多。我们的结果表明,有效的灭火措施有助于六河流域当代森林的致密化。按面积计算,定居时期的森林组成主要是花旗松(34.4%),松树(24.2%)和橡树(21.9%)。当代森林支持更多的花旗松(45.2%)和类似数量的松树(26.1%),而橡树则减少了一半以上(9.3%)。尽管六河中广泛采伐了本世纪中叶的木材,但树木丰度的增加还是发生了。尽管在2000年至2019年之间六河发生了大火,但在20世纪发生的大火少得多。我们的结果表明,有效的灭火措施有助于六河流域当代森林的致密化。按面积计算,定居时期的森林组成主要是花旗松(34.4%),松树(24.2%)和橡树(21.9%)。当代森林支持更多的花旗松(45.2%)和类似数量的松树(26.1%),而橡树则减少了一半以上(9.3%)。尽管六河中广泛采伐了本世纪中叶的木材,但树木丰度的增加还是发生了。尽管在2000年至2019年之间六河发生了大火,但在20世纪发生的大火少得多。我们的结果表明,有效的灭火措施有助于六河流域当代森林的致密化。尽管六河中广泛采伐了本世纪中叶的木材,但树木丰度的增加还是发生了。尽管在2000年至2019年之间六河发生了大火,但在20世纪发生的大火少得多。我们的结果表明,有效的灭火措施有助于六河流域当代森林的致密化。尽管六河中广泛采伐了本世纪中叶的木材,但树木丰度的增加还是发生了。尽管在2000年至2019年之间六河发生了大火,但在20世纪发生的大火少得多。我们的结果表明,有效的灭火措施有助于六河流域当代森林的致密化。
更新日期:2020-09-18
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