Abstract Direct shear tests have been commonly used to study the frictional stresses during pipe-jacking. Particle angularity and mineralogy will influence the shear strength with apparent cohesion contributing to the arching effect during soil-structure interaction via pipe-jacking. Past researchers found it challenging to physically study particle behavior along the shear band during shearing due to the opaque nature of the equipment. This study used an original transparent shear box to conduct direct shear tests on tunneling rock spoils of sandstone and shale. Sequential images were captured during shearing and analyzed using GeoPIV software to demonstrate localized activities which were found to influence the apparent cohesion. Furthermore, the findings were successfully used to assess the arching phenomenon observed during pipe-jacking and other established pipe-jacking case studies. Rounded particles with strong mineralogy were found to be more likely to produce an arching effect as compared to angular particles with weaker minerals.

中文翻译：

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土-结构相互作用中颗粒间行为对土拱形成的影响

摘要 直剪试验常用于研究顶管过程中的摩擦应力。颗粒棱角和矿物学将影响剪切强度和表观内聚力，通过顶管在土壤-结构相互作用过程中产生拱形效应。过去的研究人员发现，由于设备的不透明性质，在剪切过程中沿着剪切带物理研究粒子行为具有挑战性。本研究采用独创的透明剪切箱对砂岩和页岩的隧道开挖弃土进行直剪试验。在剪切过程中捕获连续图像，并使用 GeoPIV 软件进行分析，以展示被发现影响表观凝聚力的局部活动。此外，研究结果成功地用于评估在顶管和其他已建立的顶管案例研究中观察到的拱起现象。与具有较弱矿物的角形颗粒相比，具有强矿物学的圆形颗粒更容易产生拱形效应。