Immune cells react to their environment by flexibly reprogramming intracellular metabolic pathways that subsequently alter immune function, in a process called immunometabolism. However, in the CNS, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on microglia, neuroinflammation, and subsequently on brain function is poorly understood. As brain-resident macrophages, microglia are the CNS immune effectors and share similarities with peripheral immune cells. New tools for studying immunometabolism now allow the analysis of bioenergetic regulation with cellular resolution and, as a result, have uncovered previously unappreciated roles for microglial immunometabolism in shaping neuroinflammation. This review highlights evidence that microglia metabolism adapts to changes in brain energy homeostasis and that metabolic reprogramming regulates microglial polarization, thereby impacting pathological inflammatory responses in the brain.

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大脑中的免疫代谢：代谢如何塑造小胶质细胞功能

免疫细胞通过灵活地重新编程细胞内代谢途径来对其环境做出反应，随后改变免疫功能，这一过程称为免疫代谢。然而，在 CNS 中，代谢重编程对小胶质细胞、神经炎症以及随后对大脑功能的影响知之甚少。作为大脑中的巨噬细胞，小胶质细胞是 CNS 免疫效应器，与外周免疫细胞有相似之处。用于研究免疫代谢的新工具现在允许分析具有细胞分辨率的生物能量调节，因此，已经发现了以前未被重视的小胶质细胞免疫代谢在形成神经炎症中的作用。