The growing market share of electric vehicles (EV) has increased the interest in charging strategies and their effects on the electricity system as well as their climatic soundness. However, the benefits of different charging strategies including Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) on a large regional scale, e.g. in Europe, have not been analyzed sufficiently. This study examines the impact of different charging strategies on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity generation and EV batteries in Europe in 2050. To consider indirect emissions and potentially additional battery degradation due to V2G, a model coupling concept is applied to link Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with the electricity system model, PERSEUS-EU. Overall, EV could reduce the GHG emissions by 36% by simply replacing conventional cars. Controlled unidirectional charging and V2G add another 4 or 11 percentage points on the European level. However, for these gains an efficient implementation of V2G is required.

电动汽车（EV）不断增长的市场份额增加了人们对充电策略及其对电力系统的影响以及其气候稳健性的兴趣。然而，尚未充分分析不同的充电策略（例如在欧洲）在较大区域范围内的充电策略（V2G）的好处。这项研究研究了2050年欧洲不同充电策略对发电和电动汽车电池产生的温室气体（GHG）排放的影响。为考虑间接排放以及由于V2G造成的潜在额外电池退化，应用模型耦合概念来链接生命周期用电力系统模型PERSEUS-EU进行评估（LCA）。总体而言，电动汽车只需更换传统汽车即可将温室气体排放减少36％。受控单向充电和V2G在欧洲水平上又增加了4个或11个百分点。但是，为了获得这些收益，需要有效实施V2G。