Abstract Immune vaccination is a critically important strategy in disease prevention and treatment. In vaccination, efficient vaccine carriers are necessary to augment the immune response initiated by vaccines generally with weak immunogenecity. Nowadays, commercially available vaccine/carrier formulations induce effective humoral immunity but weak or none cellular immunity. However, in practice, cellular rather than humoral immunity plays the key role in treating some intractable diseases such as AIDS and cancers, in which the elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes can directly kill HIV-infected or cancer cells. To trigger potent cellular immunity, the carriers should help antigens escape from endosomal/lysosomal degradation and release them directly into the cytosol of antigen presenting cells. To this aim, such kind of vaccine carriers should be rationally designed and prepared in terms of their structure and physiochemical properties. Here, we summarized the recent advances in pH-responsive vaccine carriers exclusively developed for improving cellular immunity.

中文翻译：

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用于提高细胞免疫的 pH 响应疫苗递送系统

摘要 免疫接种是疾病预防和治疗中至关重要的策略。在疫苗接种中，需要有效的疫苗载体来增强通常免疫原性较弱的疫苗引发的免疫反应。如今，市售疫苗/载体制剂可诱导有效的体液免疫，但细胞免疫较弱或无细胞免疫。然而，在实践中，细胞免疫而非体液免疫在治疗艾滋病和癌症等一些疑难杂症中起关键作用，其中引发的细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞可以直接杀死 HIV 感染细胞或癌细胞。为了触发有效的细胞免疫，载体应该帮助抗原从内体/溶酶体降解中逃脱，并将它们直接释放到抗原呈递细胞的细胞质中。为了这个目标，此类疫苗载体应根据其结构和理化性质进行合理设计和制备。在这里，我们总结了专为提高细胞免疫力而开发的 pH 响应疫苗载体的最新进展。