Owing to the prevalence of chronic inflammation and its related disorders, there is a demand for novel therapeutic agents capable of preventing or suppressing inflammation. Natural products (NPs) are well established as an important resource for drug development and provide an almost infinite array of molecular entities. Sulfur-containing NPs (i.e., NPs containing one or more sulfur atoms) are abundant throughout nature, from bacteria to animals. The aim of this review was to survey the emerging evidence on role of sulfur-containing NPs, such as glutathione, garlic-derived sulfur compounds, Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (EPTs), Isothiocyanates (ITCs), and Ergothioneine (EGT), in the control of inflammation and to determine the possible underlying mechanisms. A discussion of how hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, links sulfur-containing NPs and their anti-inflammatory action is also performed. This review may help to further the development of sulfur-based compounds by providing a guide for structure-activity relationship-based modification for use in modern medicinal chemistry. However, as this field is still in its infancy, the review is concluded by an overview of the progression of these promising entities as therapeutic agents.

由于慢性炎症及其相关疾病的流行，需要能够预防或抑制炎症的新型治疗剂。天然产物 (NP) 已成为药物开发的重要资源，并提供了几乎无限的分子实体。含硫纳米颗粒（即含有一个或多个硫原子的纳米颗粒）在自然界中从细菌到动物都非常丰富。本综述的目的是调查有关含硫 NPs 作用的新证据，例如谷胱甘肽、大蒜衍生的硫化合物、环氧多硫二氧代哌嗪 (EPT)、异硫氰酸酯 (ITC) 和麦角硫因 (EGT) 在控制炎症中的作用并确定可能的潜在机制。硫化氢（H ₂S)，一种内源性气体信号分子，将含硫 NPs 连接起来，并具有抗炎作用。本综述通过为现代药物化学中基于构效关系的修饰提供指导，可能有助于进一步开发硫基化合物。然而，由于该领域仍处于起步阶段，因此综述总结了这些有前途的实体作为治疗剂的进展情况。