Heme peroxidases are a major source of reactive oxidants at sites of inflammation in biological systems. The formation of some of these oxidants (e.g. hypochlorous acid, HOCl) is important in the innate immune response of activated neutrophils and leukocytes to invading pathogens (e.g. bacteria, yeasts, fungi parasites), and responsible for the anti-microbial activity present in excreted fluids (e.g. hypothiocyanous acid, HOSCN, generated by lactoperoxidase). Other oxidants formed by heme peroxidase family members are important in tissue development (e.g. hypobromous acid, HOBr, formation by peroxidasin) and in the synthesis of thyroid hormones (hypoiodous acid, HOI, synthesized by thyroid peroxidase). However, inadvertent, misplaced or poorly-controlled production of these species can result in host tissue damage, and this underlies the strong association between high levels of some of these enzymes and multiple inflammatory pathologies. As a consequence, there is widespread interest in understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of biomolecule modification by these species, which differ dramatically in their actions, the nature of the products formed (as some of these are specific biomarkers of enzyme activity), and the biological consequences of these reactions in a wide range of diseases associated with acute or chronic inflammation. Increased knowledge of these processes, has allowed the development of a number of alternative and complementary strategies that allow modulation of oxidant formation and subsequent damage. This review discusses developments in these fields and the prospects for tailored inhibition of specific members of this enzyme family.

血红素过氧化物酶是生物系统炎症部位反应性氧化剂的主要来源。其中一些氧化剂（例如次氯酸，HOCl）的形成在活化的中性粒细胞和白细胞对入侵病原体（例如细菌、酵母菌、真菌寄生虫）的先天免疫反应中很重要，并负责排泄物中存在的抗微生物活性。体液（如次硫氰酸，HOSCN，由乳过氧化物酶产生）。由血红素过氧化物酶家族成员形成的其他氧化剂在组织发育（例如次溴酸，HOBr，由过氧化物酶形成）和甲状腺激素的合成（次碘酸，HOI，由甲状腺过氧化物酶合成）中很重要。然而，这些物种的无意、错位或控制不佳的生产可能会导致宿主组织损伤，这也是其中一些酶的高水平与多种炎症病理之间密切关联的基础。因此，人们对了解这些物种的生物分子修饰的动力学和机制有着广泛的兴趣，它们的作用、形成的产物的性质（因为其中一些是酶活性的特定生物标志物）和生物学上的差异很大。这些反应在与急性或慢性炎症相关的广泛疾病中的后果。对这些过程的了解增加，允许开发许多替代和补充策略，以调节氧化剂的形成和随后的损害。本综述讨论了这些领域的发展以及对该酶家族特定成员的定制抑制的前景。