Problems with interpersonal relationships are often a chief complaint among those seeking psychiatric treatment; yet heterogeneity and homogeneity across disorders suggests both common and unique mechanisms of impaired interpersonal relationships. Basic science research has begun yielding insights into how the brain responds to social feedback. Understanding how these processes differ as a function of psychopathology can begin to inform the mechanisms that give rise to such interpersonal dysfunction, potentially helping to identify differential treatment targets. We reviewed 46 studies that measured the relationship between brain responses to social feedback and internalizing psychopathology. We found that socially relevant anxiety was associated with amygdala hyperactivity to the anticipation of social feedback. Depression was related to hyperreactivity of regions in the cingulo-opercular network to negative social feedback. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was associated with hyperactivity of regions in the default mode network to negative social feedback. The review also identified key insights into methodological limitations and potential future directions for the field.

人际关系问题往往是寻求精神治疗的人的主要抱怨；然而，各种疾病的异质性和同质性表明人际关系受损的共同机制和独特机制。基础科学研究已经开始深入了解大脑如何响应社会反馈。了解这些过程作为精神病理学功能的不同之处，可以开始了解引起这种人际功能障碍的机制，可能有助于确定不同的治疗目标。我们回顾了 46 项研究，这些研究测量了大脑对社会反馈的反应与内化精神病理学之间的关系。我们发现，社交相关的焦虑与杏仁核对社会反馈的预期过度活跃有关。抑郁症与扣带盖网络区域对负面社会反馈的过度反应有关。边缘性人格障碍（BPD）与默认模式网络中区域过度活跃以产生负面社会反馈有关。该评论还确定了对该领域方法学局限性和未来潜在方向的关键见解。