Past functional magnetic resonance imaging on antisocial subjects have shown important inconsistencies and methodological problems (e.g. heterogeneity in fMRI tasks domain, small sample sizes, analyses on regions-of-interest). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of whole-brain fMRI studies on antisocial individuals based on distinct neurocognitive domains. A voxel-based meta-analysis via permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) was performed on studies using fMRI tasks in the domains of acute threat response, cognitive control, social cognition, punishment and reward processing. Overall, 83 studies were retrieved. Using a liberal statistical threshold, several key regions were identified in the meta-analysis, principally during acute threat response, social cognition and cognitive control tasks. Additionally, we observed that the right amygdala was negatively associated with both callous-unemotional traits and severity of antisocial behaviors, in meta-analyses on region-of-interest and on dimensional studies, respectively. The findings show that the most prominent functional brain deficits arise during acute threat response, social cognitions and cognitive control neurocognitive domains. These results provide substantial insights for our understanding of aberrant neural processing across specific contexts.

过去针对反社会受试者的功能磁共振成像显示出重要的不一致和方法学问题（例如功能磁共振成像任务领域的异质性、小样本量、对感兴趣区域的分析）。我们的目的是对基于不同神经认知领域的反社会个体的全脑功能磁共振成像研究进行荟萃分析。通过主题图像排列（SDM-PSI）进行基于体素的荟萃分析，对急性威胁响应、认知控制、社会认知、惩罚和奖励处理领域中使用 fMRI 任务的研究进行。总共检索到 83 项研究。使用自由统计阈值，在荟萃分析中确定了几个关键区域，主要是在急性威胁响应、社会认知和认知控制任务期间。此外，我们在感兴趣区域和维度研究的荟萃分析中观察到，右侧杏仁核分别与冷酷无情的特征和反社会行为的严重程度呈负相关。研究结果表明，最突出的功能性大脑缺陷出现在急性威胁反应、社会认知和认知控制神经认知领域。这些结果为我们理解特定环境下的异常神经处理提供了重要的见解。