Growth hormone (GH) is a pleiotropic hormone that coordinates an array of physiological processes, including effects on bone, muscle, and fat, ultimately resulting in growth. Metabolically, GH promotes anabolic action in most tissues except adipose, where its catabolic action causes the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFA). GH antagonizes insulin action via various molecular pathways. Chronic GH secretion suppresses the anti-lipolytic action of insulin and increases FFA flux into the systemic circulation; thus, promoting lipotoxicity, which causes pathophysiological problems, including insulin resistance. In this review, we will provide an update on GH-stimulated adipose lipolysis and its consequences on insulin signaling in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, we will discuss the mechanisms that contribute to the diabetogenic action of GH.

生长激素 (GH) 是一种多效激素，可协调一系列生理过程，包括对骨骼、肌肉和脂肪的影响，最终导致生长。在代谢方面，GH 促进除脂肪以外的大多数组织的合成代谢作用，其分解代谢作用导致储存的甘油三酯分解为游离脂肪酸 (FFA)。GH 通过各种分子途径拮抗胰岛素作用。慢性 GH 分泌抑制胰岛素的抗脂解作用并增加 FFA 流入体循环；因此，促进脂毒性，导致病理生理问题，包括胰岛素抵抗。在这篇综述中，我们将提供关于 GH 刺激的脂肪分解及其对肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪组织中胰岛素信号传导的影响的最新情况。此外，