Checkpoint blocking-based immunotherapy has been proved to be effective for the treatment of cancer, but its dependence on T cell infiltration has limited its effectiveness across patients. Radiotherapy (RT) is becoming the most common method of clinical tumor treatment but can occasionally cause systemic tumor rejection. Here, we demonstrate a simple one-pot hydrothermal method to synthesize tellurium (Te) nanostars (GTe-RGD) and offer a treatment strategy that combines GTe-RGD-potentiated RT with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for efficient and systemic tumor elimination. In mouse models of breast cancer, GTe-RGD-potentiated RT not only eradicated primary tumors but also elicited antitumor immunity to inhibit growth at distant sites by enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocytes when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Furthermore, the triggered release of tumor-associated antigens and cytokines can effectively reduce the percentage of M2 macrophages with enhanced antitumor activity. Thus, this simply synthesized Te-based nanomedicine, with radiation-driven immunotherapy, offers an attractive clinical alternative for tumor treatment.

事实证明，基于检查点封闭的免疫疗法可有效治疗癌症，但其对T细胞浸润的依赖性限制了其对患者的有效性。放射疗法（RT）成为临床上最常见的肿瘤治疗方法，但偶尔会引起全身性肿瘤排斥反应。在这里，我们演示了一种简单的一锅水热法来合成碲（Te）纳米星（GTe-RGD），并提供了将GTe-RGD增强的RT与检查点封锁免疫疗法相结合的治疗策略，可有效，系统地消除肿瘤。在乳腺癌的小鼠模型中，GTe-RGD增强的RT不仅根除了原发性肿瘤，而且与免疫检查点抑制剂联合使用时，可通过增强细胞毒性T淋巴细胞引发抗肿瘤免疫力，从而抑制远处的生长。此外，肿瘤相关抗原和细胞因子的触发释放可以有效降低M2巨噬细胞的百分比，并具有增强的抗肿瘤活性。因此，这种简单合成的基于Te的纳米药物，采用放射驱动的免疫疗法，为肿瘤治疗提供了有吸引力的临床替代方法。