BCN materials with varied structures are attracting attention for promising diverse applications. BCN materials are recognized for adaptable electrical properties, outstanding mechanical behavior, exceptional chemical inertness, and high thermal stability, which make them advantageous for corresponding applications in harsh environments. In this article, we thoroughly summarize BCN material theory, growth, properties, and applications. Properties of BCN thin films depend on the composition and growth technique, which facilitates in developing BCN films prevailing between insulating BN and semimetallic graphite. Regarding this, the effects of synthesis parameters on various BCN properties are examined. Dry and wet etching, which are imperative for device processing, are explored. Prompted by the success of graphene, graphene-analogous BCN nanomaterials are being researched intensively due to their unique chemical and physical properties. This article highlights BCN nanomaterials, their synthesis in different dimensions, and properties with prospective applications. We focus on their energy applications in supercapacitors, batteries, oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction, water purification, and CO₂ adsorption along with other biosensing applications. Performance of BCN nanomaterials is discussed and compared with the prevailing benchmark materials to present an evolutionary perspective of BCN nanomaterial progress. Finally, unresolved issues are highlighted, and future development opportunities are identified.

具有多样化结构的BCN材料正吸引着有希望的多样化应用。BCN材料以其适应性强的电性能，出色的机械性能，出色的化学惰性和高热稳定性而著称，这使其在恶劣环境下的相应应用中具有优势。在本文中，我们彻底总结了BCN材料的理论，生长，特性和应用。BCN薄膜的性能取决于组成和生长技术，这有助于发展在绝缘BN和半金属石墨之间普遍存在的BCN膜。对此，研究了合成参数对各种BCN性能的影响。探索了干法刻蚀和湿法刻蚀，这对于器件加工至关重要。石墨烯的成功提示 类似于石墨烯的BCN纳米材料由于其独特的化学和物理特性而正在深入研究。本文重点介绍了BCN纳米材料，它们在不同尺寸上的合成以及具有预期应用的性能。我们专注于它们在超级电容器，电池，氧气和氢气释放反应，水净化和CO中的能源应用₂吸附以及其他生物传感应用。讨论了BCN纳米材料的性能，并将其与主流基准材料进行了比较，以提供BCN纳米材料进展的进化观点。最后，突出了未解决的问题，并确定了未来的发展机会。