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The global homogenization of urban form. An assessment of 194 cities across time
Landscape and Urban Planning ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103949
Richard Lemoine-Rodríguez , Luis Inostroza , Harald Zepp

Abstract The spatial structure of cities, i.e. their composition, shape and degree of fragmentation or compactness, is a physical expression reflecting development efficiency. Identifying the evolution of urban systems in time and space is crucial towards sustainable urban development. In this paper, we assess the spatial structure of 194 cities from 1990 and 2015, in order to identify patterns, clusters of similar cities, trajectories, and the global distribution of urban form. We delineated the contiguous urban fabric, employed landscape metrics to quantitatively describe urban patterns, applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimension of data to an uncorrelated set of variables and identified groups of cities with similar urban forms by means of hierarchical clustering. We found four types of urban form: compact-grey, transitional, ragged-small and fragmented-complex cities. Globally, continentally and regionally, cities have followed a trend towards more homogeneous urban forms, most of them becoming transitional as a consequence of both, processes of fragmentation and compactness. The only exception of this trend is a group of large cities in Australia, New Zealand and the United States, which are still predominantly fragmented-complex. Under the persisting process of urban expansion, small to medium-sized cities showed to be the most dynamic in terms of expansion and change in urban form, which makes them key towards sustainable urban development. This analysis contributes to the understanding of the transformations induced by the process of urban expansion that shapes urban form. Such information is crucial for achieving urban sustainability.

中文翻译:

城市形态的全球同质化。跨时间对 194 个城市的评估

摘要 城市的空间结构,即城市的构成、形态、破碎或紧凑程度,是反映发展效率的物理表现。确定城市系统在时间和空间上的演变对于可持续城市发展至关重要。在本文中,我们评估了 1990 年和 2015 年 194 个城市的空间结构,以识别相似城市的模式、集群、轨迹和城市形态的全球分布。我们描绘了连续的城市结构,使用景观指标定量描述城市模式,应用主成分分析 (PCA) 将数据维度减少到一组不相关的变量,并通过层次聚类识别具有相似城市形态的城市组. 我们发现了四种城市形态:紧凑灰色、过渡性的、参差不齐的小城市和支离破碎的复杂城市。在全球、大陆和区域范围内,城市都遵循了更加同质化的城市形式的趋势,由于碎片化和紧凑化过程,其中大部分城市都变得过渡。这一趋势的唯一例外是澳大利亚、新西兰和美国的一些大城市,它们仍然主要是碎片化的复合体。在城市扩张的持续过程中,中小城市在城市形态的扩张和变化方面表现出最大的活力,是城市可持续发展的关键。这种分析有助于理解塑造城市形态的城市扩张过程所引发的转变。这些信息对于实现城市可持续性至关重要。破烂的小城市和支离破碎的复杂城市。在全球、大陆和区域范围内,城市都遵循了更加同质化的城市形式的趋势,由于碎片化和紧凑化过程,其中大部分城市都变得过渡。这一趋势的唯一例外是澳大利亚、新西兰和美国的一些大城市,它们仍然主要是碎片化的复合体。在城市扩张的持续过程中,中小城市在城市形态的扩张和变化方面表现出最大的活力,是城市可持续发展的关键。这种分析有助于理解塑造城市形态的城市扩张过程所引发的转变。这些信息对于实现城市可持续性至关重要。破烂的小城市和支离破碎的复杂城市。在全球、大陆和区域范围内,城市都遵循了更加同质化的城市形式的趋势,由于碎片化和紧凑化过程,其中大部分城市都变得过渡。这一趋势的唯一例外是澳大利亚、新西兰和美国的一些大城市,它们仍然主要是碎片化的复合体。在城市扩张的持续过程中,中小城市在城市形态的扩张和变化方面表现出最大的活力,是城市可持续发展的关键。这种分析有助于理解塑造城市形态的城市扩张过程所引发的转变。这些信息对于实现城市可持续性至关重要。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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