Imidazolium-based surface active ionic liquids (Im-SAILs) are based on imidazolium salts with long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Due to the delocalized electrons on the imidazole ring and the hydrogen bonding between imidazole rings, Im-SAILs can exhibit novel aggregation behavior that differs from that of conventional surfactants. In both the absence and presence of a solvent (such as water, organic solvents, and ionic liquids), Im-SAILs exhibit rich self-aggregation behavior and form various types of assemblies, including spherical micelles, wormlike micelles, nanosheets, nanorods, nanospheres, nanotubes, nanoclusters, vesicles, vesicle clusters, liquid crystals, planar bilayers and gels. Additives (including conventional surfactants, polymers, metal oxides, amino acids, and proteins) enhance the aggregation of Im-SAILs through the synergistic effects of multiple intermolecular interactions, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and cation-π interactions; in some cases, the resulting assemblies can even respond to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, light, organic solvent, and others. By effectively utilizing the versatile “designability” of ionic liquids and/or choosing suitable additives, the controllable self-assembly of new ordered molecular aggregates can be realized. These strategies are expected to lead to the discovery of novel “soft” materials and the development of aggregates with important and/or novel applications. Therefore, in this review, we first summarize the recent advances related to the assembly behavior of Im-SAILs. The roles of the surfactant and counter-ion structures are analyzed. The assembly of Im-SAILs in the presence of additives, including conventional surfactants, polymers, metal oxides, amino acids, and proteins, is then reviewed. At the end of this review, a prospective future involving Im-SAILs are discussed.

基于咪唑鎓的表面活性离子液体（Im-SAIL）基于具有长疏水烷基链的咪唑鎓盐。由于咪唑环上电子的离域化和咪唑环之间的氢键，Im-SAILs可以表现出与常规表面活性剂不同的新颖聚集行为。在不存在和存在溶剂（例如水，有机溶剂和离子液体）的情况下，Im-SAIL均表现出丰富的自聚集行为并形成各种类型的组件，包括球形胶束，蠕虫状胶束，纳米片，纳米棒，纳米球，纳米管，纳米簇，囊泡，囊泡簇，液晶，平面双层和凝胶。添加剂（包括常规表面活性剂，聚合物，金属氧化物，氨基酸，和蛋白质）通过多种分子间相互作用（如静电，疏水，氢键和阳离子-π相互作用）的协同作用来增强Im-SAIL的聚集；在某些情况下，所得组件甚至可以响应外部刺激，例如pH，温度，光照，有机溶剂等。通过有效利用离子液体的通用“设计能力”和/或选择合适的添加剂，可以实现新的有序分子聚集体的可控自组装。这些策略有望导致发现新颖的“软”材料，并开发具有重要和/或新颖应用的集料。因此，在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了与Im-SAIL的组装行为有关的最新进展。分析了表面活性剂和抗衡离子结构的作用。然后回顾了在添加剂（包括常规表面活性剂，聚合物，金属氧化物，氨基酸和蛋白质）存在下Im-SAIL的组装。在本评论的结尾，讨论了涉及Im-SAIL的未来。