With microplastics (MPs) being detected in aquatic environments, numerous studies revealed that they caused severe environmental issues, including damage to ecosystems and human health. MPs transport persistent organic pollutants by adsorbing them, and in nanoplastics this phenomenon is exacerbated by increased surface area. Despite their environmental risk, systematic protocol for qualitative and quantitative analysis are yet to be established in environmental analytical chemistry. Current analytical technologies on MP identification have technological limits with regard to detecting small sized particles (< 1 µm), underestimation of MPs with organic contaminants, and physico-chemically altered particles by weathering and photo degradation. According to the published works, MPs are spread in living organisms through the food web, and are even detected in bottled water. To determine its eco-toxicity and removal by biodegradation, its accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility should be ensured by establishing a systematic protocol of MP identification. This review compares procedures, applicability, and limitations of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermo-analytical methods for identifying MPs. Finally, it suggests systematic protocols for MPs analysis.

随着在水生环境中检测到微塑料（MPs），大量研究表明，它们造成了严重的环境问题，包括对生态系统和人类健康的损害。国会议员通过吸收持久性有机污染物来运输持久性有机污染物，而在纳米塑料中，这种现象会因表面积增加而加剧。尽管存在环境风险，但尚未在环境分析化学中建立定性和定量分析的系统协议。当前有关MP识别的分析技术在检测小尺寸颗粒（<1 µm），有机污染物对MP的低估以及由于风化和光降解而发生物理化学改变的颗粒方面存在技术限制。根据已发表的著作，国会议员通过食物网在生物体内传播，甚至在瓶装水中被检测到。为了确定其生态毒性和通过生物降解去除，应通过建立系统的MP鉴定协议来确保其准确性，可靠性和可重复性。这篇综述比较了傅立叶变换红外光谱，拉曼光谱和热分析方法鉴定MP的程序，适用性和局限性。最后，它提出了MP分析的系统协议。