Climate change problems have become a worldwide concern. In response to containing global climate change, there has been a proliferation of theories and policies aimed at driving tourism towards ‘low-carbon tourism’. The problem becomes even greater if turning to cities. Constructing a low-carbon tourism city requires a comprehensive understanding of urban low-carbon tourism development rather than solely focusing on targets limited to CO₂ emissions and energy reduction. However, much of the focus of research to date has not been on this key issue. Here this study constructed indicators to evaluate low-carbon tourism development in a tourism-based urban destination. A total of 33 indicators were identified using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then, the weights of these indicators were determined using the analytic network process. The evaluation model made it possible to convert the subjective qualitative characteristics of low-carbon tourism, the implied mutual influences between the numerous indicators, and development demands into integrated quantitative values to guide actual low-carbon tourism development. The presented research process and results could provide a reference for relevant policy making in tourism-based urban destinations worldwide.

气候变化问题已成为全球关注的问题。为了遏制全球气候变化，旨在推动旅游业向“低碳旅游业”发展的理论和政策激增。如果转向城市，问题将变得更加严重。建设低碳旅游城市需要对城市低碳旅游发展有一个全面的了解，而不仅仅是专注于仅限于CO _2的目标排放和节能减排。但是，迄今为止，很多研究重点都没有放在这个关键问题上。在此，本研究构建了评估以旅游为主的城市目的地中的低碳旅游发展的指标。使用模糊德尔菲法确定了总共33个指标。然后，使用分析网络过程确定这些指标的权重。该评估模型可以将低碳旅游的主观质量特征，众多指标之间隐含的相互影响以及发展需求转化为综合的定量值，以指导实际的低碳旅游发展。提出的研究过程和结果可为世界范围内以旅游为基础的城市目的地的相关政策制定提供参考。