Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) need to abandon the linear concept and adapt to the circular philosophy integrating standards of technological performance but also environmental, economic and social indicators. However, this change cannot be made by merely replacing one technology, but integrated solutions need to be applied. In this framework, a new strategy of treatment has gained strength in recent years, which consists of recovering organic matter (OM) in the primary treatment and implementing partial nitrification-anammox process as secondary treatment.

In this study, three different schemes based on this approach were evaluated from an environmental and economic perspective and compared with a conventional wastewater treatment plant. The three proposed schemes are: i) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) + integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS); ii) high rate activated sludge (HRAS) and IFAS, and finally, rotating belt filter (RBF) + chemical enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) followed by an IFAS unit. Even though the technological and operational complexity is noteworthy in the schemes based on this strategy, lower environmental impacts were estimated for the first two configurations. However, the consumption of chemicals in the third alternative was detrimental for the environmental performance of the plant, even with higher impacts than those of the conventional scheme for the toxicity-related categories. In this regard, the consumption of energy and chemicals are the main barriers for its successful implementation.

废水处理厂（WWTP）需要放弃线性概念，并适应整合技术性能标准以及环境，经济和社会指标的循环哲学。但是，不能仅通过替换一项技术来进行此更改，而是需要应用集成解决方案。在这种框架下，近年来，一种新的治疗策略得到了加强，该策略包括在一次处理中回收有机物（OM），并实施部分硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺作为二次处理。

在这项研究中，从环境和经济角度评估了基于此方法的三种不同方案，并将其与常规废水处理厂进行了比较。提出的三个方案是：i）上流厌氧污泥层（UASB）+集成固定膜活性污泥（IFAS）；ii）高速率活性污泥（HRAS）和IFAS，最后是旋转带式过滤器（RBF）+化学强化一级处理（CEPT），然后是IFAS装置。即使在基于此策略的方案中技术和操作复杂性值得注意，但对于前两个配置，估计对环境的影响较小。但是，第三种替代方案中化学品的消耗对工厂的环境绩效有害，甚至对毒性相关类别的影响比传统方案更大。在这方面，能源和化学品的消耗是其成功实施的主要障碍。