Abstract Developing silicon based anode of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is seriously blocked by the huge volume change of lithiation and delithiation and the corresponded high cost paying to solve it, although Si with the theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh g−1 for Li+ storage. In this study, natural diatomite with low cost was using as precursor and self-template to produce Si and construct porous structure, a coral-like porous Si/C (CLP-Si/C) material has been successfully synthesized through the NaCl added magnesiothermic reduction reaction (MRR) technology and acetylene CVD method. The hierarchical structure of macro-/mesopores in CLP-Si/C are inherited from diatomite itself and produced by removing the unreacted SiO2 in diatomite and the byproduct of MgO of MRR. Acetylene CVD further constructs a shell-core structure of carbon layers and Si particles. The hierarchical pores and core-shell structure make CLP-Si/C exhibit a stable cycling performance as LIB anode that the capacity of 990.6 mAh g−1 can be kept after 100 cycles at a rate of 250 mA g−1. This work provides a simple, low-cost and scalable strategy for producing porous Si/C anode materials with high-performance by using diatomite as both precursor and template, and is promising in the development of practical application of Si based anode materials of lithium-ion battery.

中文翻译：

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以硅藻土为自模板和前驱体合成的类珊瑚状硅碳多孔复合材料作为锂离子电池负极具有良好的性能

摘要 锂离子电池硅基负极（LIB）的发展受到锂化和脱锂体积变化巨大以及相应的解决成本高昂的严重阻碍，尽管用于锂离子电池的理论容量为4200 mAh g-1的Si . 本研究以低成本的天然硅藻土为前驱体和自模板制备Si并构建多孔结构，通过NaCl添加镁热反应成功合成了珊瑚状多孔Si/C（CLP-Si/C）材料。还原反应（MRR）技术和乙炔CVD法。CLP-Si/C 中大孔/中孔的分级结构继承自硅藻土本身，是通过去除硅藻土中未反应的 SiO2 和 MRR 的 MgO 副产物而产生的。乙炔 CVD 进一步构建了碳层和硅颗粒的壳核结构。分级孔和核壳结构使 CLP-Si/C 作为 LIB 负极表现出稳定的循环性能，在 250 mA g-1 的速率下循环 100 次后仍可保持 990.6 mAh g-1 的容量。该工作为利用硅藻土作为前驱体和模板制备高性能多孔 Si/C 负极材料提供了一种简单、低成本和可扩展的策略，并在开发基于硅的锂负极材料的实际应用方面具有广阔前景。离子电池。