Abstract Nowadays, shape memory polymers (SMPs)-based devices are required to be much smarter to produce large shape memory recovery and recovery force with lower working temperatures in order to enable multi-functionality in them. They could play a vital role in the advancement of multi-functional soft robot manipulators, biomedical tools and wearable devices where the working temperatures is a key challenge and must be around the body temperature, or in sustainable smart systems with low energy consumption. The aim of this paper is to introduce thermo-electro-magneto-responsive fibrous SMPs (TEMFSMPs) as a new class of SMPs with highly enhanced shape recovery and recovery force and reduced working temperature. A three-dimensional constitutive model is developed to simulate thermo-electro-magneto-visco-hyperelastic behaviors of SMPs under large deformation for the first time. Constitutive relations are derived by adopting an electro-magneto-visco-hyperelasticity theory and implementing it in a thermo-mechanical cycle of SMPs. To improve the strength of thermo-electro-magneto-responsive SMPs, a bunch of fibers is also embedded into the SMP matrix. Then, the proposed model for thermo-electro-magneto-responsive fibrous shape memory polymers (TEMFSMPs) under uniaxial tension and complex loading regimes such as simultaneous torsion and extension are solved semi-analytically. In addition, the thermo-mechanical response through the proposed model is validated via available SMP experimental tests. Numerical results reveal that electro-magnetic features can significantly enhance shape memory recovery and recovery force of TEMFSMPs and lower their working temperatures. It is found that the electro-magnetic field, the orientation, and stiffness of fibers can effectively be set to tune the shape memory effect and bio-applicability of TEMFSMPs with highly enhanced stress/strain recovery and reduced working temperature.

中文翻译：

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建模具有降低工作温度的多刺激响应形状记忆聚合物

摘要 如今，基于形状记忆聚合物 (SMP) 的设备需要更加智能，以在较低的工作温度下产生较大的形状记忆恢复和恢复力，以实现其多功能性。它们可以在多功能软机器人机械手、生物医学工具和可穿戴设备的发展中发挥重要作用，这些设备的工作温度是一个关键挑战，必须接近体温，或者在低能耗的可持续智能系统中。本文的目的是介绍热电磁响应纤维 SMPs (TEMFSMPs) 作为一类具有高度增强的形状恢复和恢复力并降低工作温度的 SMPs。首次开发了三维本构模型来模拟大变形下 SMP 的热-电磁-粘-超弹性行为。本构关系是通过采用电磁粘超弹性理论并在 SMP 的热机械循环中实现的。为了提高热电磁响应 SMP 的强度，还将一束纤维嵌入 SMP 基质中。然后，半解析地解决了在单轴拉伸和复杂加载方式（如同时扭转和拉伸）下的热电磁响应纤维形状记忆聚合物（TEMFSMP）的建议模型。此外，通过可用的 SMP 实验测试验证了通过所提出模型的热机械响应。数值结果表明，电磁特征可以显着提高 TEMFSMPs 的形状记忆恢复和恢复力，并降低其工作温度。研究发现，电磁场、纤维的取向和刚度可以有效地调节 TEMFSMPs 的形状记忆效应和生物适用性，并具有高度增强的应力/应变恢复和降低的工作温度。