Gender influences clinical presentations, duration and severity of symptoms, and therapy outcome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Whether the immune response to Tα1 treatment for SARS-CoV-2 differs between the sexes, and whether this difference explains the male susceptibility to COVID-19, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency and safety of Tα1 treatment and provide a basis for practically identifying gender differences characteristics and features of COVID-19. One hundred twenty-seven patients had COVID-19 symptoms and tested COVID19-positive (female 42.52%) in Wuhan union hospital were enrolled for medication. They were randomly divided into groups Control and Tα1 intervention. Seventy-eight patients received a subcutaneous injection of 1.6mg Tα1, based on supportive treatment for 15 days. The control group included untreated 49 COVID19 patients closely matched for gender and age and received regular supportive treatment. In this retrospective analysis, we found that COVID-19-infected males reported more symptoms than COVID-19-infected females. A high degree of gender differences-related variability was observed in CRP and PCT levels and the cell counts of many lymphocyte subpopulations in the COVID-19 patients after Tα1 intervention. Levels of CRP and IL-6 were higher in Tα1-treated male group than Tα1-treated female group, while the level of PCT was significantly lower in Tα1-treated male group. Gender differences may be a factor in sustaining COVID-19 immunity responded to Tα1, male and female show statistically significant differences in relevance to cytokine production associated with the development of a more significant number of symptoms. This leaves the question of identifying gender-specific risk factors to explain these differences.

性别影响 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 感染的临床表现、症状持续时间和严重程度以及治疗结果。 Tα1 治疗 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫反应在性别之间是否存在差异，以及这种差异是否解释了男性对 COVID-19 的易感性，目前尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨Tα1治疗的有效性和安全性，为实际识别COVID-19的性别差异特征和特征提供基础。武汉协和医院有 127 名出现 COVID-19 症状且检测结果呈阳性的患者（女性 42.52%）入组接受药物治疗。他们被随机分为对照组和Tα1干预组。 78名患者在支持治疗的基础上皮下注射1.6mg Tα1，持续15天。对照组包括 49 名未经治疗的新冠肺炎患者，性别和年龄密切匹配，并接受定期支持治疗。在这项回顾性分析中，我们发现感染 COVID-19 的男性比感染 COVID-19 的女性报告的症状更多。 Tα1 干预后，在 COVID-19 患者中，CRP 和 PCT 水平以及许多淋巴细胞亚群的细胞计数观察到高度的性别差异相关变异。 Tα1治疗的男性组CRP和IL-6水平高于Tα1治疗的女性组，而PCT水平则显着低于Tα1治疗的男性组。性别差异可能是维持对 Tα1 反应的 COVID-19 免疫力的一个因素，男性和女性在与更大量症状的发展相关的细胞因子产生相关方面表现出统计学上的显着差异。 这就留下了确定性别特定风险因素来解释这些差异的问题。