Background

Preschool age is fundamental for the development of gross motor skills. Timely detection of postural stability deficits using objective methods would facilitate early implementation of therapeutic strategies.

Research question

What are the age- and gender-related differences in postural control between preschool children diagnosed with developmental delay in their first year of life and children with typical development?

Methods

The study group consisted of 59 children diagnosed with developmental delay during infancy, who had received physiotherapy in the first year of their life for disorders of postural control and prone locomotion as well as abnormal distribution and magnitude of postural tone. The control group comprised 66 nursery school children with typical development and no history of postural control or movement deficits and no physiotherapy interventions in the first year of their life. The study and control groups were subdivided into four subgroups based on age (3–4 years, 5–6 years) and gender (boys, girls).

The data were collected during quiet standing using a force plate. Three 30-second trials were recorded. Stabilographic recordings were analysed using the rambling-trembling approach.

Results

Three-way ANOVA revealed a gender effect on all measured variables (p < 0.05). The Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) post-hoc test showed that some of the values of sway range and mean velocity of COP, rambling and trembling in sagittal and frontal plane were significantly greater in control boys aged 3–4 years compared to other subgroups (p < 0.05).

Significance

Long-term postural control monitoring by a pediatrician and/or physiotherapist seems justified and not only in children with a history of infantile developmental delay but also in their healthy peers, especially boys.

中文翻译：

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诊断为婴儿期发育延迟的3-6岁儿童的体位控制晃动颤抖分析

背景

学龄前的年龄是掌握总体运动技能的基础。使用客观的方法及​​时发现姿势稳定性的缺陷将有助于早期实施治疗策略。

研究问题

在诊断出生命的第一年发育迟缓的学龄前儿童与典型发育的儿童之间，与年龄和性别相关的姿势控制方面的差异是什么？

方法

该研究小组由59名被诊断为婴儿期发育迟缓的儿童组成，他们在生命的第一年就接受了物理治疗，这些疾病包括体位控制和俯卧运动，体位异常分布和强度的异常。对照组包括66名托儿所儿童，他们有典型的发展，没有体位控制或运动缺陷的病史，并且在他们生命的第一年没有进行任何物理治疗。根据年龄（3-4岁，5-6岁）和性别（男孩，女孩），研究和对照组分为四个亚组。

使用压板在安静站立期间收集数据。记录了三个30秒的试验。使用乱颤颤抖的方法分析了指纹记录。

结果

三向方差分析显示所有测量变量均具有性别效应（p <0.05）。Tukey HSD（诚实显着差异）事后检验表明，与其他亚组相比，在3至4岁的对照男孩中，摇摆范围和COP平均速度，矢状面和额面的晃动和颤抖的值明显更大（p ＜0.05）。

意义

由儿科医生和/或物理治疗师进行的长期姿势控制监测似乎是合理的，不仅对有婴儿发育迟缓病史的儿童，而且对健康的同龄人，尤其是男孩来说，都是合理的。