South America is experiencing profound land use and land cover changes. Their consequences on the Ecosystem Services (ES) supply and human well-being need to be diagnosed and monitored in order to support informed decisions both in management and territorial planning. The ES concept provides a key framework to evaluate human impacts on nature. The use of spatially explicit indicators able to characterize ES supply can turn operative the ES framework, enabling for sustainability assessment. The Ecosystem Services Supply Index (ESSI) is a synoptic indicator that estimates and maps supporting and regulating ES related to water and carbon dynamics from data provided by remote sensors of free access and wide spatial coverage. The ESSI merges two attributes of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) annual dynamics: the annual average (NDVI_MEAN, a proxy of total C gains) and the intra-annual coefficient of variation (NDVI_CV, an indicator of seasonality). In this article we proposed two objectives: 1) to describe the conceptual foundation of the ESSI and to gather the empirical support that shows its ability to explain the spatial-temporal variation in different ES, and to present a new case of empirical ESSI assessment, and 2) to synthesize the contribution of the ESSI in socio ecosystem diagnosis, monitoring and territorial planning stages in 8 existing cases of application. We also explored the links to the decision-making process by diverse stakeholders including local research and development institutions, NGOs and government agents. Cases corresponded to a wide range of situations from humid and dry forests to grasslands, and from local to subcontinental scales in southern South America. We found that ESSI was successfully applied for diagnosis, planning and monitoring processes which helped to better define interventions in management decisions and also to empower the most vulnerable stakeholders under territorial and environmental conflicts.

南美正在经历深刻的土地利用和土地覆被变化。需要对它们对生态系统服务（ES）供应和人类福祉的影响进行诊断和监测，以支持管理和国土规划中的明智决策。ES概念为评估人类对自然的影响提供了关键框架。使用能够表征ES供应的空间明确指标可以使ES框架有效运行，从而实现可持续性评估。生态系统服务供应指数（ESSI）是一种天气指标，可根据免费访问和广泛空间覆盖的遥感器提供的数据，估算和绘制与水和碳动态有关的ES的支持和法规。ESSI合并了归一化植被指数（NDVI）年度动态的两个属性：年平均（NDVI）_MEAN，代表总C增益）和年内变异系数（NDVI _CV，这是季节性指标）。在本文中，我们提出了两个目标：1）描述ESSI的概念基础并收集经验支持，以显示其解释不同ES时空变化的能力，并提出一个经验ESSI评估的新案例， 2）在现有的8种应用案例中综合ESSI在社会生态系统诊断，监测和领土规划阶段的贡献。我们还探索了包括当地研发机构，非政府组织和政府机构在内的各种利益相关者与决策过程的联系。病例涉及从潮湿和干燥的森林到草原，以及从南美南部的地方到次大陆范围的各种情况。我们发现ESSI已成功应用于诊断，