Abstract As countries start to implement the Sustainable Development Goals in their national development agendas, reviews of the current policy environment are necessary to ensure that the goals are achievable by 2030. The present study assesses the effectiveness of energy policy in Indonesia in supporting progress towards universal energy access, a substantial increase in renewable energy deployment, and improvement in energy efficiency. Laws and regulations related to energy were reviewed, and their contribution to achieving the energy targets of the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia was evaluated in terms of policy effectiveness. Results show that providing electricity for the remaining 1.1 million households living in the outermost and least developed regions of the archipelago is very challenging. However, Indonesia is still on track to achieve 100% residential electrification by 2030 as long as enough budget is allocated annually. Indonesia may not be able to provide access to clean cooking fuels and technology for everyone by 2030. The current policy focusing mostly on gas for cooking will be less effective in reaching the remaining households that cook with solid biomass and usually live in poverty. Similarly, the current policy scenario is not sufficient to allow enough progress to achieve the renewable energy target. Finally, the assessment of energy efficiency policy suggests that sectoral energy use is shaped by variables and regulation not primarily intended to improve energy efficiency.

中文翻译：

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评估能源政策对印度尼西亚实现可持续发展目标 7 的影响

摘要 随着各国开始在其国家发展议程中实施可持续发展目标，有必要审查当前的政策环境，以确保到 2030 年可实现这些目标。本研究评估了印度尼西亚能源政策在支持实现普遍目标方面取得进展的有效性。能源获取、可再生能源部署的大幅增加以及能源效率的提高。审查了与能源相关的法律法规，并从政策有效性方面评估了它们对印度尼西亚实现可持续发展目标能源目标的贡献。结果表明，为生活在群岛最外围和最不发达地区的其余 110 万户家庭供电非常具有挑战性。然而，只要每年分配足够的预算，印度尼西亚仍有望在 2030 年实现 100% 的住宅电气化。到 2030 年，印度尼西亚可能无法为每个人提供清洁的烹饪燃料和技术。目前主要侧重于烹饪燃气的政策在惠及使用固体生物质做饭且通常生活在贫困中的剩余家庭方面效果不佳。同样，当前的政策情景不足以让实现可再生能源目标取得足够进展。最后，对能效政策的评估表明，部门能源使用受变量和监管的影响，其主要目的不是提高能效。到 2030 年，印度尼西亚可能无法为每个人提供清洁的烹饪燃料和技术。目前主要侧重于烹饪燃气的政策在惠及使用固体生物质做饭且通常生活在贫困中的剩余家庭方面效果不佳。同样，当前的政策情景不足以让实现可再生能源目标取得足够进展。最后，对能效政策的评估表明，部门能源使用受变量和监管的影响，其主要目的不是提高能效。到 2030 年，印度尼西亚可能无法为每个人提供清洁的烹饪燃料和技术。目前主要侧重于烹饪燃气的政策在惠及使用固体生物质做饭且通常生活在贫困中的剩余家庭方面效果不佳。同样，当前的政策情景不足以让实现可再生能源目标取得足够进展。最后，对能效政策的评估表明，部门能源使用受变量和监管的影响，其主要目的不是提高能效。当前的政策情景不足以让实现可再生能源目标取得足够进展。最后，对能效政策的评估表明，部门能源使用受变量和监管的影响，其主要目的不是提高能效。当前的政策情景不足以让实现可再生能源目标取得足够进展。最后，对能效政策的评估表明，部门能源使用受变量和监管的影响，其主要目的不是提高能效。