Abstract Following the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21), the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climae Change strengthens the attempts of the European Union to decarbonize the building sector and to facilitate the transition from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy. The last version of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU is human centric and requires the integration of indoor environmental quality assessment, simultaneously with energy performance and cost-optimal requirements. In other words, efforts to improve the energy efficiency of buildings must actively contribute on reducing the building stock's climate impact while ensuring healthy indoor climate conditions, wellbeing and productivity. This paper introduces the cost-optimal analysis and indoor environmental quality assessment for nearly zero-energy buildings in temperate climate. The study presents several nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) scenarios for residential buildings, which include measures that are either upgrades that can be implemented in the as-built case study building or different other configurations of thermal envelope, technical systems and on-site renewable energy production. The cost-optimal analysis results show that among the investigated scenarios, the lowest global cost is achieved by the as-built house, which is an all electric building that has passive house envelope, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, heat pump and solar collector. Furthermore, the study reveals that with the implementation of PV panels, the primary energy demand can be reduced with 55% at a global cost increase of only 3%. The results and data can be used to compare energy efficincy measures and the related costs between EU Member States.

中文翻译：

---

针对欧盟长期气候目标的住宅建筑成本优化和室内环境质量评估

摘要 在第 21 次缔约方会议 (COP 21) 之后，2015 年《巴黎气候变化协定》加强了欧盟在建筑部门脱碳和促进从化石燃料向清洁能源过渡的努力。建筑能源性能指令 2018/844/EU 的最新版本以人为本，要求将室内环境质量评估与能源性能和成本优化要求相结合。换句话说，提高建筑能效的努力必须积极有助于减少建筑存量对气候的影响，同时确保健康的室内气候条件、福祉和生产力。本文介绍了温带气候下近零能耗建筑的成本优化分析和室内环境质量评估。该研究提出了住宅建筑的几种近零能耗建筑 (NZEB) 方案，其中包括可以在竣工案例研究建筑中实施的升级或热围护结构、技术系统和现场的不同其他配置的措施可再生能源生产。成本优化分析结果表明，在调查的场景中，竣工房屋实现了最低的全球成本，这是一座全电动建筑，具有被动房屋围护结构、机械通风与热回收、热泵和太阳能集热器。此外，研究表明，随着光伏电池板的实施，一次能源需求可减少 55%，而全球成本仅增加 3%。结果和数据可用于比较欧盟成员国之间的能源效率措施和相关成本。