The clinical course and outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) vary due to the infecting Leishmania species and host genetic makeup that result in different immune responses against the parasites. The host immune response to Leishmania aethiopica (L.aethiopica), the causative agent of CL in Ethiopia, is poorly understood. To contribute to the understanding of the protective immune response in CL due to L.aethiopica, we characterized the cytokine response to L. aethiopica in patients with the localized form of CL (LCL) and age-and sex-matched apparently healthy controls. By applying a whole blood based in vitro culture we found enhanced release of TNF, IL-6, MCP-1 or CCL2, IP-10 or CXCL10, MIP-1β or CCL4 and IL-8 or CXCL8- but not of IL-10CL patients in response to L. aethiopica compared to the controls. No difference was observed between LCL cases and controls in the secretion of these cytokines and chemokines in whole blood cultures treated with the TLR-ligands LPS, MALP-2 or polyI: C. The observed increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines reflects an enhanced response against the parasites by LCL patients as compared to healthy controls rather than a generally enhanced ability of blood leukocytes from LCL patients to respond to microbial constituents. Our findings suggest that the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines is associated with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L.aethiopica.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚皮肤利什曼病暴露于埃塞俄比亚利什曼原虫后促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的产生增加

皮肤利什曼病 (CL) 的临床病程和结果因感染的利什曼原虫物种和宿主基因构成而异，导致针对寄生虫的免疫反应不同。对埃塞俄比亚 CL 的病原体 Leishmania aethiopica (L.aethiopica) 的宿主免疫反应知之甚少。为了有助于理解由 L.aethiopica 引起的 CL 中的保护性免疫反应，我们描述了具有局部形式 CL (LCL) 和年龄和性别匹配的明显健康对照的患者对 L.aethiopica 的细胞因子反应。通过应用基于全血的体外培养，我们发现 TNF、IL-6、MCP-1 或 CCL2、IP-10 或 CXCL10、MIP-1β 或 CCL4 和 IL-8 或 CXCL8-但 IL-10CL 的释放增加与对照组相比，响应 L. aethiopica 的患者。在用 TLR-配体 LPS、MALP-2 或 polyI 处理的全血培养物中，LCL 病例和对照组在这些细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌方面没有观察到差异：C. 观察到的促炎细胞因子/趋化因子分泌增加反映了与健康对照相比，LCL 患者对寄生虫的反应增强，而不是 LCL 患者的血液白细胞对微生物成分的反应能力普遍增强。我们的研究结果表明，促炎细胞因子/趋化因子的产生增加与由 L.aethiopica 引起的局部皮肤利什曼病有关。与健康对照相比，观察到的促炎细胞因子/趋化因子分泌增加反映了 LCL 患者对寄生虫的反应增强，而不是 LCL 患者的血液白细胞对微生物成分的反应能力普遍增强。我们的研究结果表明，促炎细胞因子/趋化因子的产生增加与由 L.aethiopica 引起的局部皮肤利什曼病有关。与健康对照相比，观察到的促炎细胞因子/趋化因子分泌增加反映了 LCL 患者对寄生虫的反应增强，而不是 LCL 患者的血液白细胞对微生物成分的反应能力普遍增强。我们的研究结果表明，促炎细胞因子/趋化因子的产生增加与由 L.aethiopica 引起的局部皮肤利什曼病有关。