Breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms underlying immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment and paradigm shifts in the cancer-immunity response cycle have profoundly changed the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. However, one of the challenges is to mitigate the serious side effects caused by systemic autoimmunity and autoinflammatory responses following immunotherapy. Thus, restraining the activation of the immune system in healthy tissues is highly desirable to address this problem. Bioengineering and delivery technologies provide a solution to the issue. In this Review, we first introduce immune-related adverse effects of main immunotherapies and the underlying mechanisms, summarize strategies of designingde bioengineering and delivery systems to reduce their immunotoxicities, and highlight the importance of the development of immunotoxicity-related animal models.

免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境潜在的分子机制突破和癌症-免疫反应周期的范式转变，已深刻改变了癌症免疫治疗的格局。然而，挑战之一是减轻由免疫疗法后的全身自身免疫和自身炎症反应引起的严重副作用。因此，非常需要抑制健康组织中免疫系统的活化以解决该问题。生物工程和输送技术为该问题提供了解决方案。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了主要免疫疗法与免疫相关的不良反应及其潜在机制，概述了设计生物工程和转运系统以降低其免疫毒性的策略，