Prosumers are active participants in future energy systems who produce and consume energy. However, the emerging role of prosumers brings challenges of tracing carbon emissions behaviours and formulating pricing scheme targeting on individual prosumption behaviours. This paper proposes a novel blockchain-based peer-to-peer trading framework to trade energy and carbon allowance. The bidding/selling prices of prosumers can directly incentivise the reshaping of prosumption behaviours to achieve regional energy balance and carbon emissions mitigation. A decentralised low carbon incentive mechanism is formulated targeting on specific prosumption behaviours. Case studies using the modified IEEE 37-bus test feeder show that the proposed trading framework can export 0.99 kWh of daily energy and save 1465.90 g daily carbon emissions, outperforming the existing centralised trading and aggregator-based trading.

生产者是未来生产和消耗能源的能源系统的积极参与者。然而，生产者的新兴角色带来了追踪碳排放行为和制定针对个人消费行为的定价方案的挑战。本文提出了一种新颖的基于区块链的点对点交易框架来交易能源和碳配额。生产者的投标/销售价格可以直接激励改造生产行为，以实现区域能源平衡和减少碳排放。针对特定的消费行为制定了分散的低碳激励机制。使用修改后的IEEE 37总线测试馈线的案例研究表明，建议的交易框架可以输出0.99 kWh的每日能量，并节省1465.90 g的每日碳排放，