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Reproductive performance of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in large tourist camps in Thailand
Animal Reproduction Science ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106606
Patiparn Toin 1 , Janine L Brown 2 , Veerasak Punyapornwithaya 3 , Pakkanut Bansiddhi 4 , Chaleamchat Somgird 4 , Chatchote Thitaram 4
Affiliation  

In Thailand, many elephants are used in tourism, with populations sustained by breeding of animals that are in captive habitats. Even though there are programs to promote breeding, there is not success in all camps. In this study, there was summarization of reproductive performance data of 407 elephants (150 males, 257 females) at seven tourist camps based on 4–21 years of breeding records. Age pyramid structures for elephants varied among camps. Reproductive rates averaged 21.6 ± 6.17% and varied among camps (2.8–45.0%). Based on parity, 77.4% of elephants were nulliparous, 8.2% produced one calf, and 14.3% were multiparous, with there being camp differences. There were 1.10 ± 0.46 (range, 0.03–3.55) births per year, with a total of 19.6 ± 9.3 (1–71) calves per camp. Age at first calving was 19.2 ± 1.1 years (range, 8–40 years), mean inter-birth interval was 4.4 ± 0.2 years (range, 1.8–7.9 years), and average gestation length was 653.9 ± 6.9 days (range, 578–743 days). Rates of abortions/stillbirths averaged 12.4% and ranged from 3.5%–66.7%. There were no obvious differences in management (e.g., number of males, estrous detection methods, work activities) that when evaluated explained the range in breeding success, although lack of male interest in females was a common problem. While informative and useful for designing future studies, results of this study indicate there is a lack of precise breeding records that makes it difficult to evaluate effects of management practices on reproductive performance of captive elephants in Thailand.



中文翻译:

泰国大型旅游营地圈养亚洲象(Elephas maximus)的繁殖性能

在泰国,许多大象被用于旅游业,通过饲养圈养栖息地的动物来维持人口。尽管有促进育种的计划,但并非所有营地都取得成功。在这项研究中,根据 4-21 年的繁殖记录,总结了七个旅游营地的​​ 407 头大象(150 头雄性,257 头雌性)的繁殖性能数据。大象的年龄金字塔结构因营地而异。生育率平均为 21.6 ± 6.17%,并且在营地之间有所不同(2.8-45.0%)。基于胎次,77.4% 的大象是未产的,8.2% 产一头小牛,14.3% 是经产的,存在营地差异。每年有 1.10 ± 0.46 (范围,0.03–3.55) 头出生,每个营地总共有 19.6 ± 9.3 (1–71) 头小牛。首次产犊年龄为 19.2 ± 1.1 岁(范围,8-40 岁),平均生育间隔为 4.4 ± 0.2 年(范围,1.8-7.9 年),平均妊娠长度为 653.9 ± 6.9 天(范围,578-743 天)。流产/死产率平均为 12.4%,范围为 3.5%–66.7%。尽管雄性对雌性缺乏兴趣是一个常见问题,但管理方面没有明显差异(例如,雄性数量、发情检测方法、工作活动),在评估时可以解释育种成功的范围。虽然对设计未来的研究提供了信息和有用的信息,但这项研究的结果表明,缺乏精确的繁殖记录,这使得很难评估管理实践对泰国圈养大象繁殖性能的影响。流产/死产率平均为 12.4%,范围为 3.5%–66.7%。尽管雄性对雌性缺乏兴趣是一个常见问题,但管理方面没有明显差异(例如,雄性数量、发情检测方法、工作活动),在评估时可以解释育种成功的范围。虽然对设计未来的研究提供信息和有用的信息,但这项研究的结果表明,缺乏精确的繁殖记录,这使得很难评估管理实践对泰国圈养大象繁殖性能的影响。流产/死产率平均为 12.4%,范围为 3.5%–66.7%。尽管雄性对雌性缺乏兴趣是一个常见问题,但管理方面没有明显差异(例如,雄性数量、发情检测方法、工作活动),在评估时可以解释育种成功的范围。虽然对设计未来的研究提供了信息和有用的信息,但这项研究的结果表明,缺乏精确的繁殖记录,这使得很难评估管理实践对泰国圈养大象繁殖性能的影响。尽管男性对女性缺乏兴趣是一个普遍问题。虽然对设计未来的研究提供了信息和有用的信息,但这项研究的结果表明,缺乏精确的繁殖记录,这使得很难评估管理实践对泰国圈养大象繁殖性能的影响。尽管男性对女性缺乏兴趣是一个普遍问题。虽然对设计未来的研究提供信息和有用的信息,但这项研究的结果表明,缺乏精确的繁殖记录,这使得很难评估管理实践对泰国圈养大象繁殖性能的影响。

更新日期:2020-09-30
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