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Biodegradation of acephate by Bacillus paramycoides NDZ and its degradation pathway
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02931-1 Jianjun Ren 1, 2 , Chongqing Wang 3 , Huhetaoli 1, 2 , Chunyu Li 1, 2 , Bo Fan 4 , Dongze Niu 1, 2
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02931-1 Jianjun Ren 1, 2 , Chongqing Wang 3 , Huhetaoli 1, 2 , Chunyu Li 1, 2 , Bo Fan 4 , Dongze Niu 1, 2
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Acephate is widely used in agriculture, but its poisonous metabolites and poor sorption characteristics make it a serious environmental pollutant and toxicant to human health. To screen novel bacteria for biodegradation of acephate and uncover its degradation pathway, a strain called NDZ that is capable of utilizing acephate as a sole carbon and energy source was isolated from severely contaminated cultivated land. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus paramycoides based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses. The growth and degradation capacities of B. paramycoides NDZ under different conditions were studied using optical density at 600 nm (OD600) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that B. paramycoides NDZ can grow well with acephate as its sole carbon source (OD600 = 0.76), and degraded about 76% of acephate in mineral salt medium with an initial concentration of 500 mg/L within 48 h. The results of response surface methodology revealed the optimal conditions for degradation was 36 ℃ and pH 6.85 with 526 mg/L acephate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that methamidophos was the main metabolite of B. paramycoides NDZ, different from the degradation products of high-temperature steam (121 °C, 103 kPa). Based on the detection of this intermediate, we inferred that acephate was degraded to methamidophos through hydrolysis of the amide linkage, after which methamidophos was degraded to some small molecules, which can be metabolized easily by the bacterium. In summary, B. paramycoides NDZ is a potentially useful bacterium for acephate degradation and remediation of contaminated soils.
中文翻译：
副杆菌NDZ对乙酰甲胺磷的生物降解及其降解途径
乙酰甲胺磷在农业中应用广泛，但其有毒的代谢物和较差的吸附特性使其成为严重的环境污染物和危害人类健康的毒物。为了筛选可生物降解乙酰甲胺磷的新细菌并揭示其降解途径，从严重污染的耕地中分离出一种名为 NDZ 的菌株，该菌株能够利用乙酰甲胺磷作为唯一的碳和能源。根据 16S rDNA 序列分析，该细菌被鉴定为副真菌芽孢杆菌。使用 600 nm 光密度 (OD600) 和高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 研究了副真菌 NDZ 在不同条件下的生长和降解能力。结果表明，B. paramycoides NDZ以乙酰甲胺磷为唯一碳源（OD600=0.76）生长良好，并在初始浓度为 500 mg/L 的矿物盐培养基中在 48 小时内降解约 76% 的乙酰甲胺磷。响应面法结果表明，最佳降解条件为36 ℃，pH 6.85，乙酰甲胺磷浓度为526 mg/L。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，甲胺磷是副真菌芽孢杆菌 NDZ 的主要代谢物，不同于高温蒸汽（121 °C，103 kPa）的降解产物。基于对这种中间体的检测，我们推断乙酰甲胺磷通过酰胺键的水解被降解为甲胺磷，然后甲胺磷被降解为一些小分子，这些小分子很容易被细菌代谢。总之，B. paramycoides NDZ 是一种潜在有用的细菌，可用于降解和修复污染土壤。
更新日期：2020-09-20
中文翻译：
副杆菌NDZ对乙酰甲胺磷的生物降解及其降解途径
乙酰甲胺磷在农业中应用广泛，但其有毒的代谢物和较差的吸附特性使其成为严重的环境污染物和危害人类健康的毒物。为了筛选可生物降解乙酰甲胺磷的新细菌并揭示其降解途径，从严重污染的耕地中分离出一种名为 NDZ 的菌株，该菌株能够利用乙酰甲胺磷作为唯一的碳和能源。根据 16S rDNA 序列分析，该细菌被鉴定为副真菌芽孢杆菌。使用 600 nm 光密度 (OD600) 和高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 研究了副真菌 NDZ 在不同条件下的生长和降解能力。结果表明，B. paramycoides NDZ以乙酰甲胺磷为唯一碳源（OD600=0.76）生长良好，并在初始浓度为 500 mg/L 的矿物盐培养基中在 48 小时内降解约 76% 的乙酰甲胺磷。响应面法结果表明，最佳降解条件为36 ℃，pH 6.85，乙酰甲胺磷浓度为526 mg/L。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，甲胺磷是副真菌芽孢杆菌 NDZ 的主要代谢物，不同于高温蒸汽（121 °C，103 kPa）的降解产物。基于对这种中间体的检测，我们推断乙酰甲胺磷通过酰胺键的水解被降解为甲胺磷，然后甲胺磷被降解为一些小分子，这些小分子很容易被细菌代谢。总之，B. paramycoides NDZ 是一种潜在有用的细菌，可用于降解和修复污染土壤。
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