This article presents a review of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the context of geohazards. The pluri-disciplinary role of UAVs is outlined in numerous studies associated with mass earth movements, volcanology, flooding events and earthquakes. Scientific advances and innovations of several research teams around the world are presented from pre-events investigations to crisis management. More particularly, we emphasize the actual status of technology, methodologies and different applications that have emerged with the use of UAVs for each domain. It is shown that the deployment of UAVs in the geohazards context has experienced a tremendous increase during the last 10 years, with the development of more and more miniaturized, flexible and reliable systems. The use of such technology (UAV platform, instrumentation, methodologies) is different for each domain, depending on the spatial extent and the time scale of the observed phenomenon, but also on the practical constraints associated with the civil aviation agencies regulations (outside or within urban areas, before or during a crisis…). This paper also highlights the use of recent methodologies associated with semi-automatic/automatic segmentation or deep learning for the processing of important amounts of data provided by UAVs. Finally, although still sparse, the joint use of UAVs and satellite data is progressing and remains a challenge for future studies in the context of geohazards.

中文翻译：

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天空中的地球科学家：应对地质灾害的无人机

本文回顾了在地质灾害背景下使用无人驾驶飞行器 (UAV) 的情况。与大规模地球运动、火山学、洪水事件和地震相关的众多研究概述了无人机的多学科作用。从事前调查到危机管理，展示了全球多个研究团队的科学进步和创新。更具体地说，我们强调了随着无人机在每个领域的使用而出现的技术、方法和不同应用的实际状况。结果表明，在过去 10 年中，随着越来越小型化、灵活和可靠的系统的发展，在地质灾害环境中部署无人机的数量急剧增加。使用此类技术（无人机平台、仪器、方法）对于每个领域都是不同的，这取决于观察到的现象的空间范围和时间尺度，还取决于与民航机构规定相关的实际限制（在城市地区内外，危机之前或期间……）。本文还强调了使用与半自动/自动分割或深度学习相关的最新方法来处理无人机提供的大量数据。最后，虽然仍然很少，但无人机和卫星数据的联合使用正在取得进展，并且仍然是未来地质灾害背景下研究的挑战。以及与民航机构规定相关的实际限制（在城市地区内外，危机之前或期间……）。本文还强调了使用与半自动/自动分割或深度学习相关的最新方法来处理无人机提供的大量数据。最后，虽然仍然很少，但无人机和卫星数据的联合使用正在取得进展，并且仍然是未来地质灾害背景下研究的挑战。以及与民航机构规定相关的实际限制（在城市地区内外，危机之前或期间……）。本文还强调了使用与半自动/自动分割或深度学习相关的最新方法来处理无人机提供的大量数据。最后，虽然仍然很少，但无人机和卫星数据的联合使用正在取得进展，并且仍然是未来地质灾害背景下研究的挑战。