In this study, the effects of bottom ash and fly ash on the crack and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams (RCBs) are observed considering experimental and 3D finite element analysing. For experimental tests, 3 different aggregate sizes are used for 4 different concrete series in the laboratory. Then, fly ash is added to concrete mixture with bottom ash to better seen the effect of fly ash ratio on the cracks and flexure behaviour of RCBs. Created RCBs are subjected to the flexural and crack testing in a fully organized laboratory. According to test results, flexural and crack behaviours of the RCBs are examined. Moreover, experimental tests are confirmed by numerical analyses by using ANSYS software. Accordingly, it is observed that each ash ratio in the concrete mixture has different flexural and crack effects on the RCBs for experimental and numerical tests. Then, a concrete structure is modelled using SAP2000 software to investigate the effects of fly and bottom ash ratio on the structures under earthquakes. Totally, 3 different seismic analyses are performed using SAP2000 software, and the seismic effects of bottom and fly ash ratio on the horizontal displacements of each floor are clearly seen in detail.

中文翻译：

---

带底灰和粉煤灰的钢筋混凝土梁弯曲和开裂破坏的试验和数值研究

在这项研究中，考虑到实验和 3D 有限元分析，观察了底灰和粉煤灰对钢筋混凝土梁 (RCB) 的裂缝和弯曲行为的影响。对于实验测试，实验室中 4 种不同的混凝土系列使用了 3 种不同的骨料尺寸。然后，将粉煤灰添加到带有底灰的混凝土混合物中，以更好地观察粉煤灰比例对 RCB 裂缝和弯曲行为的影响。创建的 RCB 在组织完善的实验室中进行弯曲和裂纹测试。根据试验结果，研究了RCBs的弯曲和裂纹行为。此外，实验测试通过使用ANSYS软件的数值分析得到证实。因此，观察到混凝土混合物中的每个灰分比对 RCB 具有不同的弯曲和裂缝影响，用于实验和数值测试。然后，使用 SAP2000 软件对混凝土结构进行建模，以研究粉煤灰和底灰比对地震作用下结构的影响。使用SAP2000软件一共进行了3次不同的地震分析，可以清楚地看到底部和粉煤灰比例对各楼层水平位移的地震影响。