Species introductions often coincide with loss of genetic diversity and natural enemies. Anthropogenic translocation of the North-American pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758) (Centrarchidae) and its further spread have resulted in recent species establishment in most European countries. This study determines genetic differentiation of non-native European pumpkinseed populations and identifies how their genetic structure relates to the distribution and abundance of parasite species. Microsatellite analysis indicated presence of three genetic lineages, which were well supported by discriminant analysis based on parasite abundance data. The first lineage clustered pumpkinseed populations from northern and southern France and showed high allelic richness, heterozygosity and parasite richness. The second included populations along the “Southern invasion corridor” connecting the rivers Rhine, Main and Danube. The fish exhibited low to high genetic and parasite diversity and generally high parasite abundance. The third lineage clustered populations with low genetic and parasite diversity, located in Portuguese reservoirs and water bodies along the upper Elbe. Parasite species richness was significantly associated with host microsatellite heterozygosity and allelic richness, a trend partially affected by richness of North-American parasites. Furthermore, our results indicate that parasite community composition may serve as a useful biological tool to discriminate non-native fish populations and their inter-relationships.

中文翻译：

---

寄生虫感染反映了欧洲南瓜籽翻车鱼非本地种群的宿主遗传多样性

物种引入通常与遗传多样性和天敌的丧失同时发生。北美南瓜籽 Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758) (Centrarchidae) 的人为易位及其进一步传播导致最近在大多数欧洲国家建立了物种。这项研究确定了非本地欧洲南瓜籽种群的遗传分化，并确定了它们的遗传结构如何与寄生虫物种的分布和丰度相关。微卫星分析表明存在三个遗传谱系，这得到了基于寄生虫丰度数据的判别分析的充分支持。第一个谱系聚集了来自法国北部和南部的南瓜籽种群，并显示出高等位基因丰富度、杂合度和寄生虫丰富度。第二个包括连接莱茵河、美因河和多瑙河的“南部入侵走廊”沿线的人口。这些鱼表现出从低到高的遗传和寄生虫多样性以及普遍较高的寄生虫丰度。第三个谱系聚集了遗传和寄生虫多样性低的种群，位于易北河上游的葡萄牙水库和水体。寄生虫物种丰富度与宿主微卫星杂合性和等位基因丰富度显着相关，这一趋势部分受北美寄生虫丰富度的影响。此外，我们的结果表明寄生虫群落组成可以作为一种有用的生物学工具来区分非本地鱼类种群及其相互关系。这些鱼表现出从低到高的遗传和寄生虫多样性以及普遍较高的寄生虫丰度。第三个谱系聚集了遗传和寄生虫多样性低的种群，位于易北河上游的葡萄牙水库和水体。寄生虫物种丰富度与宿主微卫星杂合性和等位基因丰富度显着相关，这一趋势部分受北美寄生虫丰富度的影响。此外，我们的结果表明寄生虫群落组成可以作为一种有用的生物学工具来区分非本地鱼类种群及其相互关系。这些鱼表现出从低到高的遗传和寄生虫多样性以及普遍较高的寄生虫丰度。第三个谱系聚集了遗传和寄生虫多样性低的种群，位于易北河上游的葡萄牙水库和水体。寄生虫物种丰富度与宿主微卫星杂合性和等位基因丰富度显着相关，这一趋势部分受北美寄生虫丰富度的影响。此外，我们的结果表明寄生虫群落组成可以作为一种有用的生物学工具来区分非本地鱼类种群及其相互关系。寄生虫物种丰富度与宿主微卫星杂合性和等位基因丰富度显着相关，这一趋势部分受北美寄生虫丰富度的影响。此外，我们的结果表明寄生虫群落组成可以作为一种有用的生物学工具来区分非本地鱼类种群及其相互关系。寄生虫物种丰富度与宿主微卫星杂合性和等位基因丰富度显着相关，这一趋势部分受北美寄生虫丰富度的影响。此外，我们的结果表明寄生虫群落组成可以作为一种有用的生物学工具来区分非本地鱼类种群及其相互关系。