Human gut microbiota exists in a complicated symbiotic relationship which postulates to impact health and disease conditions on the host. Interestingly, the gut microbiome shows different mechanisms to regulate host physiology and metabolism including cell-to-cell communications. But microbiota imbalance is characterized to change in the host normal functioning and lead to the development and progression of major human diseases. Therefore, the direct cross talk through the microbial metabolites or peptides suggests the evidence of host health and disease. Recent reports highlight the adaptation signals/small molecules promoting microbial colonization which allows modulating immunity of host and leads to pathogen colonization. Moreover, quorum sensing peptides are also evident in the involvement of host disease conditions. Here, we review the current understanding of the gut microbiota cross talk with mammalian cells through metabolites and peptides. These studies are providing insight into the prediction of signature molecules which significantly provide information for the understanding of the interaction for precision medicine applications.

人类肠道微生物群以复杂的共生关系存在，这可能会影响宿主的健康和疾病状况。有趣的是，肠道微生物组显示出不同的机制来调节宿主生理和新陈代谢，包括细胞间通讯。但微生物群失衡的特点是宿主正常功能发生变化，导致人类重大疾病的发生和发展。因此，通过微生物代谢物或肽的直接串扰表明宿主健康和疾病的证据。最近的报告强调了促进微生物定植的适应信号/小分子，这允许调节宿主的免疫并导致病原体定植。此外，群体感应肽在宿主疾病状况的参与中也很明显。这里，我们回顾了目前对肠道微生物群通过代谢物和肽与哺乳动物细胞串扰的理解。这些研究提供了对特征分子预测的深入了解，这为理解精准医学应用的相互作用提供了重要信息。