Groundwater contamination is a significant problem in Mexico and around the world. It can be influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. In Linares, Mexico, we identified several wells used to cover the water demand for different human activities with nearby potential sources of contamination, including urban, agricultural, and livestock activities, electrical and electronic waste disposal, and fuel storage tanks. We then explored groundwater contamination herein as a result of anthropogenic activities as well as the hydrodynamics of the porous and fractured aquifers in the region based on physiochemical analyses of water samples and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI). The fractured aquifer is composed of shales with a thickness of 70–400 m, while the porous aquifer is composed mainly of gravels, sands, silt, and moderately cemented clays with a thickness of 5 m. The groundwater level is on average 20 m deep, and the flow direction is west to east. The identified water facies are mainly Ca–HCO₃ type, originating from the dissolution of diverse carbonated materials in the area. It was also possible to identify the mixing of groundwater and water influenced by various agricultural and livestock activities, including the use of pesticides and fertilizers and the direct deposition of cattle excreta. The average nitrate concentration of the sampled wells was 80 mg/L, higher than the permissible limit set by the WHO and Mexican standards. The calculated HPI value was 470, well above the critical value of 100, mostly due to the presence of Cd, which is likely associated with the storage of electrical and electronic waste and fuel tanks in the area. These results show that the water wells sampled in Linares, Mexico, without further treatment, are unsuitable for human use. It is important to continue to monitor the contamination of groundwater by heavy metals in different areas of Mexico and to identify potential sources of contamination to create mitigation strategies and ensure the safety and sustainability of water resources in the future.

在墨西哥及世界范围内，地下水污染是一个重大问题。它可能受自然因素和人为因素的影响。在墨西哥的利纳雷斯，我们确定了几口井，这些井用于满足附近潜在的污染源对不同人类活动的用水需求，其中包括城市，农业和牲畜活动，电气和电子废物处理以及燃料储罐。然后，我们根据水样品的理化分析和重金属污染指数（HPI），探索了人为活动以及该地区多孔和裂隙含水层的水动力所导致的地下水污染。破裂的含水层由厚度为70-400 m的页岩组成，而多孔含水层主要由砾石，沙子，粉砂，中等厚度的黏土，厚度为5 m。地下水位平均为20 m深，流向为西向东。确定的水相主要是Ca–HCO₃类型，源于该地区多种碳酸盐物质的溶解。也有可能确定地下水和受各种农业和牲畜活动影响的水的混合情况，包括农药和化肥的使用以及牛粪的直接沉积。采样孔的平均硝酸盐浓度为80 mg / L，高于WHO和墨西哥标准设定的允许限值。计算出的HPI值为470，远高于临界值100，这主要是由于Cd的存在，这很可能与该地区的电气和电子废物及燃料箱的存储有关。这些结果表明，未经进一步处理的墨西哥利纳雷斯采样水井不适合人类使用。