Satellite DNAs (satDNA) are fast-evolving repetitive sequences organized in large tandem arrays, with characteristic enrichment in heterochromatin. Knowledge about evolutionary dynamics of this genome fraction is mostly restricted to its characterization in species with monocentric chromosomes, i.e., localized centromeres. In holocentric species, with non-localized centromeres, satDNAs have been largely ignored. Here we advance the understanding of satDNA evolution among holocentric species by characterization of the most abundant satDNAs in the hemipteran Holhymenia histrio, integrating genomic and chromosomal analyses. High plasticity at chromosomal and molecular levels was noticed for 34 satDNAs populating H. histrio genome. One satDNA family in particular (HhiSat01-184) was highly amplified on multiple chromosomes and also highly polymorphic. Our data support the emergence of a new satDNA family from this abundant satDNA, confined to a single chromosome. Moreover, we present new information about composition of a peculiar chromosome in Coreidae, the m-chromosome, and of the X chromosome. Overall, the molecular and chromosomal patterns for satDNAs in the holocentric species H. histrio seem to be similar to those observed in monocentric species.

卫星 DNA (satDNA) 是快速进化的重复序列，组织成大型串联阵列，具有异染色质的特征性富集。关于该基因组部分进化动力学的知识主要限于其在具有单中心染色体的物种中的特征，即局部着丝粒。在具有非局部着丝粒的全中心物种中，satDNA 在很大程度上被忽略了。在这里，我们通过对半翅目Holhymenia histrio 中最丰富的satDNA 进行表征，整合基因组和染色体分析，推进了对全中心物种之间satDNA 进化的理解。观察到 34 个填充H. histrio 的satDNA 在染色体和分子水平上具有高可塑性基因组。特别是一个 satDNA 家族（HhiSat01-184）在多条染色体上高度扩增，并且具有高度多态性。我们的数据支持从这个丰富的卫星DNA中出现了一个新的卫星DNA家族，仅限于一条染色体。此外，我们提供了有关 Coreidae 中特殊染色体、m 染色体和 X 染色体组成的新信息。总体而言，全中心物种H. histrio 中satDNA 的分子和染色体模式似乎与在单中心物种中观察到的相似。