Thyroid hormones play critical roles in body growth and development as well as reproduction. They also influence the activities of a wider variety of tissues and biological functions, such as osmoregulation, metabolism, and especially metamorphosis in organisms, such as frogs. These complex activities of thyroid hormones are prone to disruption by agricultural pesticides, often leading to modulation of growth and the reproductive system in particular. These substances include Glufosinate ammonium, Glyphosates, Imazapyr, Penoxsulam, and Diquat dibromide among other herbicides. In this study, the standardized Xenopus Metamorphosis Assay protocol was used to assess the potential thyroid-modulatory properties of the Glufosinate ammonium Basta formulation, at relevant environmental concentrations (0.05 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, and 0.25 mg/L) for 21 days. The results showed that this formulation only reduced the hind-limb length among the morphological endpoints. Histological evaluation showed that the mean thyroid gland area and the mean thyroidal follicle epithelium height were significantly increased following 0.15 and 0.25 mg/L exposures. The present study confirmed that this Basta formulation interacts with the thyroid axis and therefore potentially pose health hazard to amphibian in particular and potentially metamorphic aquatic vertebrates. Furthermore, the result is a signal of inherent potential thyroid disrupting activities that must be further investigated and characterised in some of the aquatic herbicide formulations to safeguard the aquatic biodiversity.

甲状腺激素在人体生长发育和生殖中起关键作用。它们还影响各种组织的活动和生物学功能，例如渗透调节，新陈代谢，尤其是生物（如青蛙）的变态。甲状腺激素的这些复杂活动容易被农业农药破坏，通常导致调节生长，特别是生殖系统。这些物质包括除草剂中的草铵膦，草甘膦，伊马西吡，培诺舒兰和敌草快二溴化物。在这项研究中，标准化的非洲爪蟾变态分析方法被用于评估在相关环境浓度（0.05 mg / L，0.15 mg / L和0.25 mg / L）下草铵膦Basta制剂潜在的甲状腺调节特性，共21次。天。结果表明，该制剂仅减少了形态学终点之间的后肢长度。组织学评估表明，在0.15和0.25 mg / L的暴露量下，平均甲状腺腺面积和平均甲状腺滤泡上皮高度显着增加。本研究证实，这种Basta制剂与甲状腺轴相互作用，因此可能对两栖动物尤其是两栖动物和潜在变态的水生脊椎动物构成健康危害。此外，结果是固有的潜在甲状腺破坏活性信号，必须对某些水生除草剂配方进行进一步调查和表征，以保护水生生物多样性。组织学评估显示，在0.15和0.25 mg / L的暴露水平下，平均甲状腺腺面积和平均甲状腺滤泡上皮高度显着增加。本研究证实，这种Basta制剂与甲状腺轴相互作用，因此可能对两栖动物尤其是两栖动物和潜在变态的水生脊椎动物构成健康危害。此外，结果是固有的潜在甲状腺破坏活性信号，必须对某些水生除草剂配方进行进一步调查和表征，以保护水生生物多样性。组织学评估显示，在0.15和0.25 mg / L的暴露水平下，平均甲状腺腺面积和平均甲状腺滤泡上皮高度显着增加。本研究证实，这种Basta制剂与甲状腺轴相互作用，因此可能对两栖动物尤其是两栖动物和潜在变态的水生脊椎动物构成健康危害。此外，结果是固有的潜在甲状腺破坏活性信号，必须对某些水生除草剂配方进行进一步调查和表征，以保护水生生物多样性。本研究证实，这种Basta制剂与甲状腺轴相互作用，因此可能对两栖动物尤其是两栖动物和潜在变态的水生脊椎动物构成健康危害。此外，结果是固有的潜在甲状腺破坏活性信号，必须对某些水生除草剂配方进行进一步调查和表征，以保护水生生物多样性。本研究证实，这种Basta制剂与甲状腺轴相互作用，因此可能对两栖动物尤其是两栖动物和潜在变态的水生脊椎动物构成健康危害。此外，结果是固有的潜在甲状腺破坏信号，必须对某些水生除草剂配方进行进一步调查和表征，以保护水生生物多样性。