Tocochromanols are a group of lipid-soluble antioxidants produced by all plants and include the tocopherols, which are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and the biosynthetically-related compounds tocotrienols, which along with tocopherols commonly occur in seed of monocots. Most tocochromanols have some level of vitamin E activity, with α-tocopherol being the highest, and as such are essential nutrients in the human diet. Tocochromanols are particularly abundant in seeds and are critical for maintaining seed longevity and proper germination and as seed oils are a major component of the human diet, they are an important source of dietary vitamin E. In vegetative tissues, tocochromanols are important components in plant responses to stressful environments and can accumulate to high levels in response to various stresses including high light, heat, and dark. We report a robust, high throughput extraction and HPLC analysis method to quantify the levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols in leaves and seeds of plants, using Arabidopsis and maize tissues as examples. The described method provides a rapid, high-throughput, cost-effective approach to quantifying the composition and content of tocopherols, and if needed simultaneously tocotrienols, in vegetative tissues and seeds. Optimized extraction methods are described for the two tissue types and have been used to study tocochromanol (vitamin E) natural variation in seed of large Arabidopsis and maize diversity panels, to assess gene function in T-DNA and Mu-tagged populations of Arabidopsis and maize, respectfully, and study the impact of environmental stresses, including high light stress, heat stress, and dark on tocopherols content and composition of vegetative tissue.

中文翻译：

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拟南芥和玉米叶子和种子中生育色素的高通量分析。

生育酚是一组由所有植物产生的脂溶性抗氧化剂，包括在植物界普遍存在的生育酚，以及与生育酚一起常见于单子叶植物种子中的生物合成相关化合物生育三烯酚。大多数生育色素都具有一定程度的维生素 E 活性，其中 α-生育酚含量最高，因此是人类饮食中必不可少的营养素。生育色酚在种子中含量特别丰富，对于维持种子寿命和正常发芽至关重要，而且由于种子油是人类饮食的主要成分，它们是膳食维生素 E 的重要来源。在植物组织中，生育色酚是植物反应的重要成分适应压力环境，并且可以在应对各种压力（包括强光、高温、和黑暗。我们报告了一种稳健的高通量提取和 HPLC 分析方法，以拟南芥和玉米组织为例，量化植物叶子和种子中生育酚和生育三烯酚的水平。所描述的方法提供了一种快速、高通量、具有成本效益的方法来量化营养组织和种子中生育酚的组成和含量，如果需要，还可以同时量化生育三烯酚。描述了两种组织类型的优化提取方法，并已用于研究大型拟南芥种子和玉米多样性面板中的生育色素（维生素 E）自然变异，以评估拟南芥和玉米的 T-DNA 和 Mu 标记种群中的基因功能，恭敬地研究环境压力的影响，包括高光压力，热压力，