Data aggregation has become an emerging paradigm to support massive Internet-of-things (IoT), a new and critical use case for fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR). Indeed, data aggregators can complement cellular base stations and process IoT traffic to reduce network congestion. In this paper, we consider using mobile data aggregators, e.g., drones, that collect IoT traffic and aggregate them to the network. Specifically, we first discuss how the spectrum can be shared between cellular users (UEs) and IoT devices in the presence of drones, proposing a time-division duplexing protocol. We use stochastic geometry to analyze this protocol, comparing it to the standard spectrum sharing and orthogonal allocation protocols. We then formulate a stochastic optimization problem to optimize the nominal IoT transmit power, maximizing the average energy-efficiency (EE) of the IoT device subject to interference constraints to protect UEs. Simulations are presented to validate the theoretical insights and the effectiveness of the proposed protocol. It is shown that using drones, to aggregate IoT traffic, improves the EE of IoT devices, yet the EE degrades as their altitudes increases. Equally important, optimizing the transmit power is critical to further improve the EE, while ensuring fair coexistence with UEs.

中文翻译：

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通过支持无人机的蜂窝网络实现节能的大规模物联网共享频谱访问

数据聚合已成为支持大规模物联网 (IoT) 的新兴范例，这是第五代新无线电 (5G-NR) 的新的关键用例。事实上，数据聚合器可以补充蜂窝基站并处理物联网流量以减少网络拥塞。在本文中，我们考虑使用移动数据聚合器（例如无人机）来收集物联网流量并将其聚合到网络中。具体来说，我们首先讨论如何在无人机存在的情况下在蜂窝用户 (UE) 和物联网设备之间共享频谱，并提出了时分双工协议。我们使用随机几何来分析该协议，将其与标准频谱共享和正交分配协议进行比较。然后我们制定一个随机优化问题来优化标称物联网发射功率，最大限度地提高受干扰约束的物联网设备的平均能效 (EE)，以保护 UE。提出了模拟来验证理论见解和所提出协议的有效性。研究表明，使用无人机聚合物联网流量可以提高物联网设备的 EE，但 EE 会随着高度的增加而降低。同样重要的是，优化发射功率对于进一步提高 EE 至关重要，同时确保与 UE 的公平共存。