Bone is a highly vascularized organ, providing structural support to the body, and its development, regeneration, and remodeling depend on the microvascular homeostasis. Loss or impairment of vascular function can develop diseases, such as large bone defects, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteopetrosis. In this review, we summarize how vasculature controls bone development and homeostasis in normal and disease cases. A better understanding of this process will facilitate the development of novel disease treatments that promote bone regeneration and remodeling. Specifically, approaches based on tissue engineering components, such as stem cells and growth factors, have demonstrated the capacity to induce bone microvasculature regeneration and mineralization. This knowledge will have relevant clinical implications for the treatment of bone disorders by developing novel pharmaceutical approaches and bone grafts. Finally, the tissue engineering approaches incorporating vascular components may widely be applied to treat other organ diseases by enhancing their regeneration capacity.

中文翻译：

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骨微血管：组织功能和再生的刺激

骨骼是一种高度血管化的器官，为身体提供结构支撑，其发育、再生和重塑依赖于微血管的稳态。血管功能的丧失或损害会发展为疾病，例如大骨缺损、缺血性坏死、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和骨硬化症。在这篇综述中，我们总结了脉管系统如何控制正常和疾病病例中的骨骼发育和体内平衡。更好地了解这一过程将有助于开发促进骨再生和重塑的新型疾病治疗方法。具体而言，基于组织工程成分（如干细胞和生长因子）的方法已证明具有诱导骨微血管再生和矿化的能力。通过开发新的药物方法和骨移植物，这些知识将对骨疾病的治疗产生相关的临床意义。最后，结合血管成分的组织工程方法可以通过增强其再生能力来广泛应用于治疗其他器官疾病。